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Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. [1] Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal , bacterium , or plant , as well as the effect on a substructure of the organism, such as a cell ( cytotoxicity ) or an organ such as the liver ...
In pharmacology, biological activity or pharmacological activity describes the beneficial or adverse effects of a drug on living matter. [1] [2] When a drug is a complex chemical mixture, this activity is exerted by the substance's active ingredient or pharmacophore but can be modified by the other constituents. Among the various properties of ...
A toxicologist working in a lab (United States, 2008)Toxicology is a scientific discipline, overlapping with biology, chemistry, pharmacology, and medicine, that involves the study of the adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms [1] and the practice of diagnosing and treating exposures to toxins and toxicants.
As of 2023, Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology is being published as open access, under the Subscribe to Open model. [1] As of 2024, Journal Citation Reports lists the journal's 2023 impact factor as 11.2, ranking it second of 106 journal titles in the category "Toxicology" and ninth of 354 titles in the category "Pharmacology ...
Developmental toxicity is any developmental malformation that is caused by the toxicity of a chemical or pathogen. It is the structural or functional alteration, reversible or irreversible, which interferes with homeostasis , normal growth , differentiation , development or behavior.
Neurotoxicity is a form of toxicity in which a biological, chemical, or physical agent produces an adverse effect on the structure or function of the central and/or peripheral nervous system. [1] It occurs when exposure to a substance – specifically, a neurotoxin or neurotoxicant – alters the normal activity of the nervous system in such a ...
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology is a semi-monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research pertaining to the action of chemicals, drugs, or natural products on animals or humans. The journal covers mechanistic approaches to the physiological , biochemical , cellular , or molecular understanding of toxicologic and pathologic ...
In pharmaceutical research, toxicogenomics is defined as the study of the structure and function of the genome as it responds to adverse xenobiotic exposure. It is the toxicological subdiscipline of pharmacogenomics, which is broadly defined as the study of inter-individual variations in whole-genome or candidate gene single-nucleotide polymorphism maps, haplotype markers, and alterations in ...