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Glutamic acid (symbol Glu or E; [4] the anionic form is known as glutamate) is an α-amino acid that is used by almost all living beings in the biosynthesis of proteins.It is a non-essential nutrient for humans, meaning that the human body can synthesize enough for its use.
The active site of eqolosin contains a distinctive glutamic acid and glutamine catalytic dyad which are involved in substrate binding and catalysis. These residues act as a nucleophile, with the glutamic acid serving as a general acid in the first phase of the reaction, donating a proton to the carbonyl oxygen in the peptide bond of the substrate.
Corynebacterium glutamicum is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that is used industrially for large-scale production of amino acids, [3] [4] especially glutamic acid and lysine. [5] While originally identified in a screen for organisms secreting L-glutamate , mutants of C. glutamicum have also been identified that produce various other ...
In other projects Wikidata item; Appearance. ... (D-glutamic acid) ^a CID 33032 from PubChem (L-glutamic acid) This page was last edited on 11 April 2023 ...
Glutamine synthetase uses ammonia produced by nitrate reduction, amino acid degradation, and photorespiration. [4] The amide group of glutamate is a nitrogen source for the synthesis of glutamine pathway metabolites. [5] Other reactions may take place via GS.
Variations of glucose (or other carbohydrate-containing substrate) oxidation using fermentation. [4] [5] or noble metal catalysis. [6] [7] Gluconic acid was first prepared by Hlasiwetz and Habermann in 1870 [8] and involved the chemical oxidation of glucose. In 1880, Boutroux prepared and isolated gluconic acid using the glucose fermentation. [9]
Protein synthesis, as any other of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids; Lipid synthesis, especially by cancer cells. [8] Regulation of acid-base balance in the kidney by producing ammonium [9] Cellular energy, as a source, next to glucose [10] Nitrogen donation for many anabolic processes, including the synthesis of purines [7]
Astrocytes could dispose of transported glutamate in two ways. They could export it to blood capillaries, which abut the astrocyte foot processes. However, this strategy would result in a net loss of carbon and nitrogen from the system. An alternate approach would be to convert glutamate into another compound, preferably a non-neuroactive species.
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