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Hallucination is defined as visual perception without external stimulation. It must be distinguished whether the individual is able to recognize that the perception is not real, also called pseudo-hallucination, or that the individual endorses it as real, also called delusion. It is only delusion that has serious psychiatric implications.
Oneiroid syndrome is often accompanied by frequent hallucinations and pseudohallucinations, as well as visual illusions. [4] Patients do not identify the perceived phenomena as belonging to the real world, but rather as belonging to other realms or spheres, which cannot be observed or accessed by ordinary people. [ 4 ]
The hallucinations are normally colorful, vivid images that occur during wakefulness, predominantly at night. [3] Lilliputian hallucinations (also called Alice in Wonderland syndrome), hallucinations in which people or animals appear smaller than they would be in real life, are common in cases of peduncular hallucinosis. [1]
Oneirophrenia is often confused with an acute case of schizophrenia due to the onset of hallucinations. [1] The severity of this condition can range from derealization to complete hallucinations and delusions. Oneirophrenia was described for the first time in the 1950s but was studied more in the 1960s.
A thought disorder (TD) is a disturbance in cognition which affects language, thought and communication. [1] [2] Psychiatric and psychological glossaries in 2015 and 2017 identified thought disorders as encompassing poverty of ideas, neologisms, paralogia (a reasoning disorder characterized by expression of illogical or delusional thoughts), word salad, and delusions—all disturbances of ...
Delusional insanity, [1] paranoia [citation needed] Painting by Théodore Géricault portraying an old man with a grandiose delusion of power and military command. Grandiose delusions are common in delusional disorder. Specialty: Psychiatry, clinical psychology Symptoms: Strong false belief(s) despite superior evidence to the contrary: Usual onset
This psychopathological syndrome is usually considered to include four main variants: [4] [2] The Capgras delusion is the belief that (usually) a close relative or spouse has been replaced by an identical-looking impostor. The Fregoli delusion is the belief that various people the believer meets are actually the same person in disguise.
Other illusions occur due to biological sensory structures within the human body or conditions outside the body within one's physical environment. The term illusion refers to a specific form of sensory distortion. Unlike a hallucination, which is a distortion in the absence of a stimulus, an illusion describes a misinterpretation of a true ...