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More than 900 drugs have been implicated in causing liver injury [1] (see LiverTox, external link, below) and it is the most common reason for a drug to be withdrawn from the market. Hepatotoxicity and drug-induced liver injury also account for a substantial number of compound failures, highlighting the need for toxicity prediction models (e.g ...
Hy's law is a rule of thumb that a patient is at high risk of a fatal drug-induced liver injury if given a medication that causes hepatocellular injury (not Hepatobiliary injury) with jaundice. [1] The law is based on observations by Hy Zimmerman, a major scholar of drug-induced liver injury.
Dermatologic toxicity. [3] Brotizolam: 1989 UK Animal carcinogenicity. [3] Bromfenac: 1998 US Severe hepatitis and liver failure (requiring transplantation). [2] Bucetin: 1986 Germany Kidney damage [3] Buformin: 1978 Germany Metabolic toxicity. [3] Bunamiodyl: 1963 Canada, UK, US Nephropathy. [11] Butamben (Efocaine)(Butoforme) 1964 US
The first reports of serious liver toxicity with nefazodone were published in 1998 and 1999. [40] [41] These instances were quickly followed by many additional cases. [42] [22] [23] [24] In 2002 the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) obligated BMS to add a black box warning about potential fatal liver toxicity to the drug label.
Tolcapone has demonstrated significant liver toxicity (hepatotoxicity) [13] that limits the drug's utility. Entacapone is an alternative, largely since it has a more favorable toxicity profile. The hepatotoxicity can be related to elevated levels of transaminases , but studies have shown that minimal risk exists for those without preexisting ...
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In March 2024, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved resmetirom — sold under the brand name Rezdiffra® — for people with NASH and moderate to advanced liver scarring.
An example of a drug where first-pass metabolism is a complication and disadvantage is in the antiviral drug remdesivir. Remdesivir cannot be administered orally because the entire dose would be trapped in the liver with little achieving systemic circulation or reaching target organs and cells (for example, cells infected with SARS-CoV-2).