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The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association.
When dealing with a particular language, the letters may be treated as specifically dental, alveolar, or post-alveolar, as appropriate for that language, without diacritics. Shaded areas indicate articulations judged to be impossible. The letters [β, ð, ʁ, ʕ, ʢ] are canonically voiced fricatives but may be used for approximants. [note 20]
M or m is the thirteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of several western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is em (pronounced / ˈ ɛ m / ), plural ems .
Latin Capital Letter M with acute: U+1E3F ḿ Latin Small Letter M with acute U+1E40 Ṁ Latin Capital Letter M with dot above 0653 ISO 8859-14: U+1E41 ṁ Latin Small Letter M with dot above 0654 U+1E42 Ṃ Latin Capital Letter M with dot below U+1E43 ṃ Latin Small Letter M with dot below U+1E44 Ṅ Latin Capital Letter N with dot above: U+ ...
Letters w and k, are rare and used only in loanwords, most often from Germanic languages (e.g whisky). Ligatures œ and æ are conventional but are rarely used (a few words are well known, e.g. œil , œuf(s) , bœuf(s) , most other are scientific/technical and borrowed from Latin).
Languages may fail to achieve a one-to-one correspondence between letters and sounds in any of several ways: A language may represent a given phoneme by combinations of letters rather than just a single letter. Two-letter combinations are called digraphs, and three-letter groups are called trigraphs.
The lists and tables below summarize and compare the letter inventories of some of the Latin-script alphabets.In this article, the scope of the word "alphabet" is broadened to include letters with tone marks, and other diacritics used to represent a wide range of orthographic traditions, without regard to whether or how they are sequenced in their alphabet or the table.
As used in the alphabets of various languages, Em represents the following sounds: bilabial nasal consonant /m/, like the pronunciation of m in "him" or meet; palatalized bilabial nasal consonant /mʲ/ The pronunciations shown in the table are the primary ones for each language; for details consult the articles on the languages.