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The Australian Cervical Cancer Foundation (ACCF), founded in 2008, promotes 'women's health by eliminating cervical cancer and enabling treatment for women with cervical cancer and related health issues, in Australia and in developing countries.' [168] Ian Frazer, one of the developers of the Gardasil cervical cancer vaccine, is the scientific ...
The cause of CIN is chronic infection of the cervix with HPV, especially infection with high-risk HPV types 16 or 18. It is thought that the high-risk HPV infections have the ability to inactivate tumor suppressor genes such as the p53 gene and the RB gene, thus allowing the infected cells to grow unchecked and accumulate successive mutations, eventually leading to cancer.
All HPV vaccines protect against at least HPV types 16 and 18, which cause the greatest risk of cervical cancer. The quadrivalent vaccines also protect against HPV types 6 and 11. The nonavalent vaccine Gardasil 9 provides protection against those four types (6, 11, 16, and 18), along with five other high-risk HPV types responsible for 20% of ...
However, low-income women have seen increases in cervical cancer rates, and women of color have higher incidence and deaths from the cancer. The HPV vaccine has been effective at preventing ...
For the first time, cervical cancer screening guidelines from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force include self-collection of HPV samples for females starting at age 30, which could help make ...
Most HPV infections cause no symptoms and clear up without treatment. Others develop into cancer, about 37,000 cases a year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Pap smear screening is still recommended for those who have been vaccinated against HPV [11] since the vaccines do not cover all HPV types that can cause cervical cancer. Also, the vaccine does not protect against HPV exposure before vaccination. [22] Those with a history of endometrial cancer should discontinue routine Pap tests after ...
Rates are falling fastest among women in their early 20s, the first generation to benefit from HPV vaccines, which were approved in 2006. HPV, the human papillomavirus, causes six types of cancer ...