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  2. Adder–subtractor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adder–subtractor

    By preceding each A input bit on the adder with a 2-to-1 multiplexer where: Input 0 (I 0) is A; Input 1 (I 1) is A; that has control input D that is also connected to the initial carry, then the modified adder performs addition when D = 0, or; subtraction when D = 1. This works because when D = 1 the A input to the adder is really A and the

  3. Adder (electronics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adder_(electronics)

    An adder, or summer, [1] is a digital circuit that performs addition of numbers. In many computers and other kinds of processors, ...

  4. Subtractor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtractor

    The binary subtraction process is summarized below. As with an adder, in the general case of calculations on multi-bit numbers, three bits are involved in performing the subtraction for each bit of the difference : the minuend ( X i {\displaystyle X_{i}} ), subtrahend ( Y i {\displaystyle Y_{i}} ), and a borrow in from the previous (less ...

  5. Pascal's calculator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal's_calculator

    He designed the machine to add and subtract two numbers directly and to perform multiplication and division through repeated addition or subtraction. Pascal's calculator was especially successful in the design of its carry mechanism, which adds 1 to 9 on one dial, and carries 1 to the next dial when the first dial changes from 9 to 0. His ...

  6. Carry-select adder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carry-select_adder

    A conditional sum adder [3] is a recursive structure based on the carry-select adder. In the conditional sum adder, the MUX level chooses between two n/2-bit inputs that are themselves built as conditional-sum adder. The bottom level of the tree consists of pairs of 2-bit adders (1 half adder and 3 full adders) plus 2 single-bit multiplexers.

  7. Signed number representations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signed_number_representations

    Ones' complement subtraction can also result in an end-around borrow (described below). It can be argued that this makes the addition and subtraction logic more complicated or that it makes it simpler, as a subtraction requires simply inverting the bits of the second operand as it is passed to the adder.

  8. Carry-lookahead adder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carry-lookahead_adder

    A partial full adder, with propagate and generate outputs. Logic gate implementation of a 4-bit carry lookahead adder. A block diagram of a 4-bit carry lookahead adder. For each bit in a binary sequence to be added, the carry-lookahead logic will determine whether that bit pair will generate a carry or propagate a carry.

  9. Slide calculator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slide_calculator

    A slide calculator, also known as an Addiator after the best-known brand, is a mechanical calculator capable of addition and subtraction, once made by Addiator Gesellschaft of Berlin, Germany. Variants of it were manufactured from 1920 until 1982. The devices were made obsolete by the electronic calculator.

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