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In digital typography, combining characters are characters that are intended to modify other characters. The most common combining characters in the Latin script are the combining diacritical marks (including combining accents).
EN DASH U+2013: Pd, dash Common — EM DASH U+2014: Pd, dash Common ― HORIZONTAL BAR U+2015: Pd, dash Common ⸗ DOUBLE OBLIQUE HYPHEN U+2E17: Pd, dash Common ⸚ HYPHEN WITH DIAERESIS U+2E1A: Pd, dash Common ⸺ TWO-EM DASH U+2E3A: Pd, dash Common ⸻ THREE-EM DASH U+2E3B: Pd, dash Common ⹀ DOUBLE HYPHEN U+2E40: Pd, dash Common 〜 WAVE ...
This is the zero width joiner em dash zero width non joiner template; it renders like this (without the quote marks): "—" . It works similarly to the HTML markup sequence ‍—‌ i.e. a zero-width joiner (which will not line-break and will not collapse together with words that come before the template), a long dash (known as an em dash), and a zero-width non-joiner (which ...
The strings over an alphabet, with the concatenation operation, form an associative algebraic structure with identity element the null string—a free monoid. Sets of strings with concatenation and alternation form a semiring, with concatenation (*) distributing over alternation (+); 0 is the empty set and 1 the set consisting of just the null ...
The backslash (\) escape character typically provides two ways to include double-quotes inside a string literal, either by modifying the meaning of the double-quote character embedded in the string (\" becomes "), or by modifying the meaning of a sequence of characters including the hexadecimal value of a double-quote character (\x22 becomes ").
In some languages (e.g. Pascal) only one type is allowed, in some (e.g. C and its derivatives) both are used with different meanings and in others (e.g. Python) both are used interchangeably. In some languages, if it is desired to include the same quotation marks used to delimit a string inside the string, the quotation marks are doubled.
Two types of literal expression are usually offered: one with interpolation enabled, the other without. Non-interpolated strings may also escape sequences, in which case they are termed a raw string, though in other cases this is separate, yielding three classes of raw string, non-interpolated (but escaped) string, interpolated (and escaped) string.
A better solution, which was proposed by Sellers, [2] relies on dynamic programming. It uses an alternative formulation of the problem: for each position j in the text T and each position i in the pattern P , compute the minimum edit distance between the i first characters of the pattern, P i {\displaystyle P_{i}} , and any substring T j ...