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Portal hypertensive gastropathy refers to changes in the mucosa of the stomach in patients with portal hypertension; by far the most common cause of this is cirrhosis of the liver. These changes in the mucosa include friability of the mucosa and the presence of ectatic blood vessels at the surface.
Portal hypertension is defined as increased portal venous pressure, with a hepatic venous pressure gradient greater than 5 mmHg. [3] [4] Normal portal pressure is 1–4 mmHg; clinically insignificant portal hypertension is present at portal pressures 5–9 mmHg; clinically significant portal hypertension is present at portal pressures greater than 10 mmHg. [5]
The term gastropathy means "stomach disease" and is included in the name of the diseases portal hypertensive gastropathy, hyperplastic hypersecretory gastropathy (Ménétrier's disease), and others. However, not all stomach diseases are labeled with the word "gastropathy"; examples include peptic ulcer disease, gastroparesis, and dyspepsia.
The endoscopic appearance of GAVE is similar to portal hypertensive gastropathy, but is not the same condition, and may be concurrent with cirrhosis of the liver. [2] [6] [15] [16] 30% of all patients have cirrhosis associated with GAVE. [6] Sjögren's syndrome has been associated with at least one patient. [17]
Gastric varices and associated bleeding are a potential complication of schistosomiasis resulting from portal hypertension. Patients with bleeding gastric varices can present with bloody vomiting (hematemesis), dark, tarry stools , or rectal bleeding. The bleeding may be brisk, and patients may soon develop shock.
This results in portal hypertension. Effects of portal hypertension include: Ascites is a build-up of fluid in the peritoneal cavity in the abdomen [39] An enlarged spleen in 35–50% of cases [6] Esophageal varices and gastric varices result from collateral circulation in the esophagus and stomach (a process called portacaval anastomosis). [40]
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Portal hypertensive gastropathy; Pyloric stenosis; R. Reactive gastropathy This page was last edited on 4 September 2013, at 22:18 (UTC). Text is available under ...