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The structure of a typical methoxy group. In organic chemistry, a methoxy group is the functional group consisting of a methyl group bound to oxygen.This alkoxy group has the formula R−O−CH 3.
Guaiacol can be prepared by diverse routes in the laboratory. o-Anisidine, derived in two steps from anisole, can be hydrolyzed via its diazonium derivative. Guaiacol can be synthesized by the dimethylation of catechol followed by selective mono-demethylation. [9] C 6 H 4 (OCH 3) 2 + C 2 H 5 SNa → C 6 H 4 (OCH 3)(ONa) + C 2 H 5 SCH 3
The initial assessment of results from the Viking 1 PR experiment was that "analysis of the results shows that a small but significant formation of organic matter occurred" and that the sterilized control showed no evidence of organics, showing that the "findings could be attributed to biological activity."
The +M effect, also known as the positive mesomeric effect, occurs when the substituent is an electron donating group. The group must have one of two things: a lone pair of electrons, or a negative charge. In the +M effect, the pi electrons are transferred from the group towards the conjugate system, increasing the density of the system.
Grignard reagents serve as a base for non-protic substrates (this scheme does not show workup conditions, which typically includes water). Grignard reagents are basic and react with alcohols, phenols, etc. to give alkoxides (ROMgBr). The phenoxide derivative is susceptible to formylation by paraformaldehyde to give salicylaldehyde. [18]
In traditional names various qualifiers are used to label isomers, for example, isopropanol (IUPAC name: propan-2-ol) is an isomer of n-propanol (propan-1-ol). The term moiety has some overlap with the term "functional group". However, a moiety is an entire "half" of a molecule, which can be not only a single functional group, but also a larger ...
Conversely, if the Hammett plot shows that no charge is developed, i.e. a zero slope, the mechanism involving the building of charge can be discarded. Hammett plots may not always be perfectly linear. For instance, a curve may show a sudden change in slope, or ρ value. In such a case, it is likely that the mechanism of the reaction changes ...
m = mass of the alpha particle = 6.64 × 10 −27 kg; k = Coulomb constant = 8.987 × 10 9 N·m 2 /C 2; and an impact parameter b equal to the radius of a gold nucleus, 7 × 10 −15 m, the estimated deflection angle θ will be 2.56 radians (147°). If b equals the radius of a gold atom (1.44 × 10 −10 m), the estimated angle is a tiny 0.0003 ...