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An inclinometer or clinometer is an instrument used for measuring angles of slope, elevation, or depression of an object with respect to gravity's direction. It is also known as a tilt indicator , tilt sensor , tilt meter , slope alert , slope gauge , gradient meter , gradiometer , level gauge , level meter , declinometer , and pitch & roll ...
Such temperature scales that are purely based on measurement are called empirical temperature scales. The second law of thermodynamics provides a fundamental, natural definition of thermodynamic temperature starting with a null point of absolute zero. A scale for thermodynamic temperature is established similarly to the empirical temperature ...
The scale is reversible. As shown in the photo, it is set for measuring percent grade. The reverse measures degrees of arc. An Abney level and clinometer is an instrument used in surveying which consists of a fixed sighting tube, a movable spirit level that is connected to a pointing arm, and a protractor scale. An internal mirror allows the ...
A pair of scales: An instrument for measuring mass in a force field by balancing forces. Balance; Check weigher measures precise weight of items in a conveyor line, rejecting underweight or overweight objects. Inertial balance; Katharometer; Mass spectrometers measure the mass-to-charge ratio, not the mass, of ionised particles. Weighing scale
In 1714, Gabriel Fahrenheit creates a reliable scale for measuring temperature with a mercury-type thermometer. [2] In 1742, Anders Celsius, a Swedish astronomer, proposed the 'centigrade' temperature scale, the predecessor of the current Celsius scale. [3] In 1783, the first hair hygrometer is demonstrated by Horace-Bénédict de Saussure.
Most scientists measure temperature using the Celsius scale and thermodynamic temperature using the Kelvin scale, which is the Celsius scale offset so that its null point is 0 K = −273.15 °C, or absolute zero. Many engineering fields in the US, notably high-tech and US federal specifications (civil and military), also use the Kelvin and ...
A unit increment of one kelvin is exactly 1.8 times one degree Rankine; thus, to convert a specific temperature on the Kelvin scale to the Rankine scale, x K = 1.8 x °R, and to convert from a temperature on the Rankine scale to the Kelvin scale, x °R = x /1.8 K. Consequently, absolute zero is "0" for both scales, but the melting point of ...
Other fixed points used in the past are the body temperature (of a healthy adult male) which was originally used by Fahrenheit as his upper fixed point (96 °F (35.6 °C) to be a number divisible by 12) and the lowest temperature given by a mixture of salt and ice, which was originally the definition of 0 °F (−17.8 °C). [37]