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There are two types of MIDI controllers: performance controllers that generate notes and are used to perform music, [98] and controllers that may not send notes, but transmit other types of real-time events. Many devices are some combination of the two types. Keyboards are by far the most common type of MIDI controller. [70]
RTP-MIDI (also known as AppleMIDI) is a protocol to transport MIDI messages within Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) packets over Ethernet and WiFi networks. It is completely open and free (no license is needed), and is compatible both with LAN and WAN application fields.
Many audio control surfaces are MIDI-based and so are essentially MIDI controllers. While the most common use of MIDI controllers is to trigger musical sounds and play musical instruments, MIDI controllers are also used to control other MIDI-compatible devices, such as stage lights, digital audio mixers and complex guitar effects units.
The MIDI Show Control protocol is a technical standard ratified by the MIDI Manufacturers Association in 1991 which allows entertainment control devices to talk with each other and with computers to perform show control functions in live and prerecorded entertainment applications. Just like musical MIDI, MSC does not transmit the actual show ...
Open Sound Control (OSC) is a protocol for networking sound synthesizers, computers, and other multimedia devices for purposes such as musical performance or show control. OSC's advantages include interoperability , accuracy, flexibility and enhanced organization and documentation. [ 1 ]
MIDI Machine Control, or MMC, a subset of the MIDI specification, provides specific commands for controlling recording equipment such as multi-track recorders. MMC messages can be sent along a standard MIDI cable for remote control of such functions as Play, Fast Forward, Rewind, Stop, Pause, and Record.
Human User Interface Protocol (commonly abbreviated to HUI) is a proprietary MIDI communications protocol for interfacing between a hardware audio control surface and digital audio workstation (DAW) software. It was first created by Mackie and Digidesign in 1997 for use with Pro Tools, and is now part of the Mackie Control Universal (MCU) protocol.
The main MIDI standard specifies abstract communications protocol for synthesizers, dealing with how to transmit note numbers and controllers, but not what they mean.More standards were created afterwards to state correspondence of particular sounds and sound effects to particular numbers transmitted.