Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Reverse osmosis is a more economical way to concentrate liquids (such as fruit juices) than conventional heat-treatment. Concentration of orange and tomato juice has advantages including a lower operating cost and the ability to avoid heat-treatment, which makes it suitable for heat-sensitive substances such as protein and enzymes .
Multi-stage flash distillation (MSF) is a water desalination process that distills sea water by flashing a portion of the water into steam in multiple stages of what are essentially countercurrent heat exchangers. Current MSF facilities may have as many as 30 stages.
A reverse osmosis plant is a manufacturing plant where the process of reverse osmosis takes place. Reverse osmosis is a common process to purify or desalinate contaminated water by forcing water through a membrane. Water produced by reverse osmosis may be used for a variety of purposes, including desalination, wastewater treatment ...
Reverse osmosis desalination plant in Barcelona, Spain. Desalination is a process that removes mineral components from saline water. More generally, desalination is the removal of salts and minerals from a substance. [1] One example is soil desalination. This is important for agriculture.
Membrane distillation (MD) is a thermally driven separation process in which separation is driven by phase change.A hydrophobic membrane presents a barrier for the liquid phase, allowing the vapour phase (e.g. water vapour) to pass through the membrane's pores. [1]
In the 1970s the seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) process was developed which made potable water from seawater by forcing it under high pressure through a tight membrane thus filtering out salts and impurities. These salts and impurities are discharged from the SWRO device as a concentrated brine solution in a continuous stream, which contains a ...
The invention of the practical reverse osmosis membrane revolutionized water desalination. Loeb invented the power generating process pressure retarded osmosis (PRO)--making accessible a rich previously unknown source of green energy, and a method of producing power by a reverse electrodialysis (RED) heat engine, among other inventions in ...
Single-phase desalination processes include reverse osmosis and membrane distillation, where membranes filter water from contaminants. [15] [17] As of 2014 reverse osmosis (RO) made up about 52% of indirect methods. [21] [22] Pumps push salt water through RO modules at high pressure. [15] [21] RO systems depend on pressure differences. A ...