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  2. Innatism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innatism

    For example, the philosopher René Descartes theorized that knowledge of God is innate in everybody. Philosophers such as Descartes and Plato were rationalists. Other philosophers, most notably the empiricists, were critical of innate ideas and denied they existed.

  3. Platonic epistemology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platonic_epistemology

    Platonic epistemology holds that knowledge of Platonic Ideas is innate, so that learning is the development of ideas buried deep in the soul, often under the midwife-like guidance of an interrogator. In several dialogues by Plato , the character Socrates presents the view that each soul existed before birth with the Form of the Good and a ...

  4. Modern philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_philosophy

    Empiricism emphasizes the role of experience and evidence, especially sensory perception, in the formation of ideas, over the notion of innate ideas or tradition [5] in contrast to, for example, rationalism which relies upon reason and can incorporate innate knowledge. List of empiricist philosophers: Francis Bacon; John Locke; George Berkeley ...

  5. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Essay_Concerning_Human...

    Whereas Book I is intended to reject the doctrine of innate ideas proposed by Descartes and the rationalists, Book II explains that every idea is derived from experience either by sensation—i.e. direct sensory information—or reflection—i.e. "the perception of the operations of our own mind within us, as it is employed about the ideas it has got."

  6. Plato's problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plato's_Problem

    The ideas of "nature and nurture" or "innateness and environmental input" are no longer perceived as mutually exclusive. Instead, researchers point to a necessarily interactive relationship in order for thought and behavior to occur [citation needed]. In Plato's philosophy, innate ideas are revealed through the Socratic Method of investigation.

  7. Cartesianism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartesianism

    Cartesianism is a form of rationalism because it holds that scientific knowledge can be derived a priori from 'innate ideas' through deductive reasoning. Thus Cartesianism is opposed to both Aristotelianism and empiricism, with their emphasis on sensory experience as the source of all knowledge of the world. [8]

  8. Mom Had No Idea She Was Pregnant Until She Gave Birth ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/mom-had-no-idea-she-093000061.html

    Mom Had No Idea She Was Pregnant Until She Gave Birth. Then a Cop Saved Her Daughter’s Life. Hilary Shenfeld. January 5, 2025 at 1:30 AM. Indianapolis Metro Police Dept l IMPD News/Facebook.

  9. Law of thought - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_thought

    Russell asserts that the rationalists "maintained that, in addition to what we know by experience, there are certain 'innate ideas' and 'innate principles', which we know independently of experience"; [28] to eliminate the possibility of babies having innate knowledge of the "laws of thought", Russell renames this sort of knowledge a priori.