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Cocaine — a tropane alkaloid — is a weakly alkaline compound, and can therefore combine with acidic compounds to form salts. The hydrochloride (HCl) salt of cocaine is by far the most commonly encountered, although the sulfate (SO 4 2− ) and the nitrate (NO 3 − ) salts are occasionally seen.
Of the approximately 200 members in the genus Erythroxylum, most species contain the central nervous system stimulant tropane alkaloid, known more commonly as cocaine.Because the plant is endemic ...
The biosynthesis of the tropane alkaloids have attracted intense interest because of their high physiological activity as well as the presence of the bicyclic tropane core. [12] Final stages in the pathway for the biosynthesis of the tropane alkaloid cocaine.
The phenyltropane compounds were initially discovered by R. Clarke et al. during research to try and dissociate the stimulant properties of cocaine from its abuse and dependence liability. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] The first simple phenyltropanes to be made (WIN 35065-2 and WIN 34,428) were shown to be active in behavioral assays only for the ββ-isomers.
Tropane is a nitrogenous bicyclic organic compound. It is mainly known for the other alkaloids derived from it, which include atropine and cocaine , among others. Tropane alkaloids occur in plants of the families Erythroxylaceae (including coca ) and Solanaceae (including mandrake , henbane , deadly nightshade , datura , potato , tomato ).
Ecgonine (tropane derivative) is a tropane alkaloid found naturally in coca leaves. It has a close structural relation to cocaine: it is both a metabolite and a precursor, and as such, it is a controlled substance in many jurisdictions, as are some substances which can be used as precursors to ecgonine itself.
Tropinone is an alkaloid, famously synthesised in 1917 by Robert Robinson as a synthetic precursor to atropine, a scarce commodity during World War I. [2] [3] Tropinone and the alkaloids cocaine and atropine all share the same tropane core structure. Its corresponding conjugate acid at pH 7.3 major species is known as tropiniumone. [4]
Cocaine. GMO plant: Nicotiana benthamiana (a tobacco plant) [1] ... Tropane alkaloids: Hyoscyamine and scopolamine. GMO yeast: Baker’s yeast [9] Precursor chemicals