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2. List of logic symbols - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_logic_symbols

   In logic, a set of symbols is commonly used to express logical representation. The following table lists many common symbols, together with their name, how they should be read out loud, and the related field of mathematics.

3. Predicate (mathematical logic) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predicate_(mathematical_logic)

   A predicate is a statement or mathematical assertion that contains variables, sometimes referred to as predicate variables, and may be true or false depending on those variables’ value or values. In propositional logic, atomic formulas are sometimes regarded as zero-place predicates. [1] In a sense, these are nullary (i.e. 0-arity) predicates.

4. Propositional variable - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propositional_variable

   [2] Example. In a given propositional logic, a formula can be defined as follows: Every propositional variable is a formula. Given a formula X, the negation ¬X is a formula. Given two formulas X and Y, and a binary connective b (such as the logical conjunction ∧), the expression (X b Y) is a formula. (Note the parentheses.)

5. Predicate variable - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predicate_variable

   If "predicate variables" are only allowed to be bound to predicate letters of zero arity (which have no arguments), where such letters represent propositions, then such variables are propositional variables, and any predicate logic which allows second-order quantifiers to be used to bind such propositional variables is a second-order predicate ...

6. Categorical proposition - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorical_proposition

   Quantity refers to the number of members of the subject class (A class is a collection or group of things designated by a term that is either subject or predicate in a categorical proposition. [3]) that are used in the proposition. If the proposition refers to all members of the subject class, it is universal.

7. Propositional formula - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propositional_formula

   The predicate calculus goes a step further than the propositional calculus to an "analysis of the inner structure of propositions" [4] It breaks a simple sentence down into two parts (i) its subject (the object (singular or plural) of discourse) and (ii) a predicate (a verb or possibly verb-clause that asserts a quality or attribute of the object(s)).