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  2. Biodiversity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity

    Conservation biology is reforming around strategic plans to protect biodiversity. [ 203 ] [ 208 ] [ 209 ] [ 210 ] Preserving global biodiversity is a priority in strategic conservation plans that are designed to engage public policy and concerns affecting local, regional and global scales of communities, ecosystems and cultures. [ 211 ]

  3. Ecosystem diversity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_diversity

    Ecosystem diversity addresses the combined characteristics of biotic properties which are living organisms (biodiversity) and abiotic properties such as nonliving things like water or soil (geodiversity). It is a variation in the ecosystems found in a region or the variation in ecosystems over the whole planet.

  4. Coral reef - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coral_reef

    The three major zones of a coral reef: the fore reef, reef crest, and the back reef. Coral reef ecosystems contain distinct zones that host different kinds of habitats. Usually, three major zones are recognized: the fore reef, reef crest, and the back reef (frequently referred to as the reef lagoon).

  5. Ecology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecology

    Biogeography (an amalgamation of biology and geography) is the comparative study of the geographic distribution of organisms and the corresponding evolution of their traits in space and time. [146] The Journal of Biogeography was established in 1974. [147] Biogeography and ecology share many of their disciplinary roots.

  6. Marine coastal ecosystem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_coastal_ecosystem

    A marine coastal ecosystem is a marine ecosystem which occurs where the land meets the ocean. Worldwide there is about 620,000 kilometres (390,000 mi) of coastline. Coastal habitats extend to the margins of the continental shelves, occupying about 7 percent of the ocean surface area.

  7. Global biodiversity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_biodiversity

    Another study, published in 2011 by PLoS Biology, estimated there to be 8.7 million ± 1.3 million eukaryotic species on Earth. [11] Some 250,000 valid fossil species have been described, but this is believed to be a small proportion of all species that have ever lived. [12] Global biodiversity is affected by extinction and speciation.

  8. Aquatic ecosystem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquatic_ecosystem

    It has negatively impacted deep sea biodiversity, coastal fish diversity, crustaceans, coral reefs, and other biotic components of these ecosystems. [33] Human-made aquatic ecosystems, such as ditches, aquaculture ponds, and irrigation channels, may also cause harm to naturally occurring ecosystems by trading off biodiversity with their ...

  9. Soil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil

    Soil is the habitat for many organisms: the major part of known and unknown biodiversity is in the soil, in the form of earthworms, woodlice, millipedes, centipedes, snails, slugs, mites, springtails, enchytraeids, nematodes, protists), bacteria, archaea, fungi and algae; and most organisms living above ground have part of them or spend part of ...