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Interferon gamma (IFNG or IFN-γ) is a dimerized soluble cytokine that is the only member of the type II class of interferons. [5] The existence of this interferon, which early in its history was known as immune interferon, was described by E. F. Wheelock as a product of human leukocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin, and by others as a product of antigen-stimulated lymphocytes. [6]
Interferon beta-1a and interferon beta-1b are used to treat and control multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune disorder. This treatment may help in reducing attacks in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis [43] and slowing disease progression and activity in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. [44]
They include interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-12, and IL-18, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFNγ), and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and play an important role in mediating the innate immune response. Inflammatory cytokines are predominantly produced by and involved in the upregulation of ...
Overall, it provided evidence that the pharmacological administration of RANKL represents the appropriate treatment option for RANKL-deficient ARO patients, to be validated in a pilot clinical trial. [22] Interferon gamma-1b is FDA-approved to delay the time to disease progression in patients with severe, malignant osteopetrosis. [23]
Emapalumab, sold under the brand name Gamifant, is an anti-interferon-gamma (IFNγ) antibody medication used for the treatment of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), [3] [4] [5] which has no cure. [6] The most common side effects include infections, hypertension, infusion-related reactions, and pyrexia. [3]
Interferon beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFNB1 gene. [5] The natural and recombinant protein forms have antiviral, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. Interferon beta 1a (tradenames: Avonex and Rebif) and Interferon beta 1b (tradenames: Betaseron/Betaferon) are used as drugs.
1990: Actimmune (interferon gamma 1b): Treatment of chronic granulomatous disease (licensed to Intermune). 1993: Nutropin (recombinant somatropin): Growth hormone for children and adults for treatment before kidney transplant due to chronic kidney disease.
Anifrolumab, sold under the brand name Saphnelo, is a monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. [5] [7] It binds to the type I interferon receptor, blocking the activity of type I interferons such as interferon-α and interferon-β. [medical citation needed]