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  2. Binomial coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_coefficient

    The formula follows from considering the set {1, 2, 3, ..., n} and counting separately (a) the k-element groupings that include a particular set element, say "i", in every group (since "i" is already chosen to fill one spot in every group, we need only choose k − 1 from the remaining n − 1) and (b) all the k-groupings that don't include "i ...

  3. Mark and recapture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_and_recapture

    K = Number of animals captured on the second visit k = Number of recaptured animals that were marked. A biologist wants to estimate the size of a population of turtles in a lake. She captures 10 turtles on her first visit to the lake, and marks their backs with paint. A week later she returns to the lake and captures 15 turtles.

  4. Selection coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection_coefficient

    Selection coefficient, usually denoted by the letter s, is a measure used in population genetics to quantify the relative fitness of a genotype compared to other genotypes. . Selection coefficients are central to the quantitative description of evolution, since fitness differences determine the change in genotype frequencies attributable to selecti

  5. Population dynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_dynamics

    The formula can be read as follows: the rate of change in the population (dN/dt) is equal to growth (rN) that is limited by carrying capacity (1 − N/K). From these basic mathematical principles the discipline of population ecology expands into a field of investigation that queries the demographics of real populations and tests these results ...

  6. Covariance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covariance

    Covariance is an important measure in biology. Certain sequences of DNA are conserved more than others among species, and thus to study secondary and tertiary structures of proteins , or of RNA structures, sequences are compared in closely related species.

  7. Proportionality (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportionality_(mathematics)

    Hence the constant "k" is the product of x and y. The graph of two variables varying inversely on the Cartesian coordinate plane is a rectangular hyperbola. The product of the x and y values of each point on the curve equals the constant of proportionality (k). Since neither x nor y can equal zero (because k is non-zero), the graph never ...

  8. Combination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combination

    In mathematics, a combination is a selection of items from a set that has distinct members, such that the order of selection does not matter (unlike permutations).For example, given three fruits, say an apple, an orange and a pear, there are three combinations of two that can be drawn from this set: an apple and a pear; an apple and an orange; or a pear and an orange.

  9. Dissociation constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissociation_constant

    In chemistry, biochemistry, and pharmacology, a dissociation constant (K D) is a specific type of equilibrium constant that measures the propensity of a larger object to separate (dissociate) reversibly into smaller components, as when a complex falls apart into its component molecules, or when a salt splits up into its component ions.