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Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an infection of the vagina caused by excessive growth of bacteria. [ 6 ] [ 12 ] Common symptoms include increased vaginal discharge that often smells like fish. [ 2 ] The discharge is usually white or gray in color. [ 2 ]
A high vaginal swab (HVS) is a medical procedure performed in obstetrics and gynaecology to test vaginal discharge for the presence of vaginal thrush, bacterial vaginosis and trichomonas vaginalis. [1] [2] [3] It is carried out in clean conditions, by a healthcare professional who uses a speculum to look at the cervix and vagina.
Normal vaginal flora (left) is predominantly rod-shaped Lactobacilli, whereas in bacterial vaginosis (right) there is an overgrowth of bacteria, which can be of various species. A healthy vaginal microbiome aids in the prevention of bacterial vaginosis, yeast infections and other possible problems by maintaining an acidic pH (< 4.5) that is ...
The flora serves as a defense against the invasion and colonization of opportunistic pathogens including bacterial vaginosis, fungi, viruses, and protozoa. [23] Historically, it was believed that the bacterium Gardnerella caused bacterial vaginosis, but studies have shown that bacterial vaginosis can be caused by a variety of bacteria. [ 24 ]
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[1] [11] Cervical cancer (may be prevented by Pap smear screening and HPV vaccines) Vaginal cancer is very rare, but its symptoms include abnormal vaginal bleeding or vaginal discharge. [1] Air embolism is a potentially fatal condition where an air bubble travels throughout the bloodstream and can obstruct a vessel. It can result if air is ...
Bacterial vaginosis results in altered populations and ratios of the normal microbiota. [ 10 ] [ 3 ] [ 11 ] There has been no link demonstrated between taking oral probiotics and maintaining normal microbiota populations of lactobacilli.
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