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Early ray tracing was always done from the eye, and early researchers such as James Arvo used the term backwards ray tracing to mean shooting rays from the lights and gathering the results. Therefore, it is clearer to distinguish eye-based versus light-based ray tracing.
Caustics are formed in the regions where sufficient photons strike a surface causing it to be brighter than the average area in the scene. “Backward ray tracing” works in the reverse manner beginning at the surface and determining if there is a direct path to the light source. [7] Some examples of 3D ray-traced caustics can be found here.
In other words, a virtual image is found by tracing real rays that emerge from an optical device (lens, mirror, or some combination) backward to perceived or apparent origins of ray divergences. [1] There is a concept virtual object that is similarly defined; an object is virtual when forward extensions of rays converge toward it. [1]
Ray tracing of a beam of light passing through a medium with changing refractive index.The ray is advanced by a small amount, and then the direction is re-calculated. Ray tracing works by assuming that the particle or wave can be modeled as a large number of very narrow beams (), and that there exists some distance, possibly very small, over which such a ray is locally straight.
Some authors call conventional ray tracing "backward" ray tracing because it traces the paths of photons backwards from the camera to the light source, and call following paths from the light source (as in photon mapping) "forward" ray tracing. [32]: 7-9 However sometimes the meaning of these terms is reversed. [33]
Like in the path tracing method, a ray is followed backwards, beginning from the eye, until reaching the light source. In volumetric path tracing, scattering events can occur along with ray tracing. When a light ray hits a surface, a certain amount gets scattered into the media.
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The latter is more complicated and requires backwards ray tracing to simulate photons moving through the environment of the 3D render. [33] In a photon mapping illumination model, Monte Carlo sampling is used in conjunction with the ray tracing to compute the intensity of light caused by the caustics. [33]