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  2. List of carboxylic acids - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_carboxylic_acids

    Carboxylic acids are organic acids characterized by a carboxyl (-COOH) functional group. The naming of these compounds is governed by IUPAC nomenclature, which ensures systematic and consistent naming of chemicals. Numerous organic compounds have other common names, often originating in historical source material thereof.

  3. Propionic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propionic_acid

    Propionic acid (/ p r oʊ p i ˈ ɒ n ɪ k /, from the Greek words πρῶτος : prōtos, meaning "first", and πίων : píōn, meaning "fat"; also known as propanoic acid) is a naturally occurring carboxylic acid with chemical formula CH

  4. Carboxylic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboxylic_acid

    In organic chemistry, a carboxylic acid is an organic acid that contains a carboxyl group (−C(=O)−OH) [1] attached to an R-group. The general formula of a carboxylic acid is often written as R−COOH or R−CO 2 H , sometimes as R−C(O)OH with R referring to an organyl group (e.g., alkyl , alkenyl , aryl ), or hydrogen , or other groups.

  5. Functional group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_group

    The reactivity of a functional group can be modified by other functional groups nearby. Functional group interconversion can be used in retrosynthetic analysis to plan organic synthesis. A functional group is a group of atoms in a molecule with distinctive chemical properties, regardless of the other atoms in the molecule. The atoms in a ...

  6. Locant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locant

    Organic molecules with more than one functional group can be a source of confusion. Generally the functional group responsible for the name or type of the molecule is the 'reference' group for purposes of carbon-atom naming. For example, the molecules nitrostyrene and phenethylamine are quite similar; the former can even be reduced into the latter.

  7. IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of...

    The side chains are grouped like this: 12-butyl-4,8-diethyl. (But this is not necessarily the final grouping, as functional groups may be added in between to ensure all groups are listed alphabetically.) The secondary functional groups are: a hydroxy- at carbon 5, a chloro- at carbon 11, a methoxy- at carbon 15, and a bromo- at carbon 18.

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  9. Saturated and unsaturated compounds - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturated_and_unsaturated...

    For organic compounds containing heteroatoms (other than C and H), the list of unsaturated groups is long but some common types are: carbonyl, e.g. ketones, aldehydes, esters, carboxylic acids (unsaturated) vs alcohol or ether (saturated) nitrile (unsaturated) vs amine (saturated) nitro (unsaturated) vs amine (saturated)