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A majority are significantly larger than Earth, but a few have similar masses, including planets around YZ Ceti, Gliese 367, Proxima Centauri, and Barnard's Star which may be less massive than Earth. Several confirmed exoplanets are hypothesized to be potentially habitable , with Proxima Centauri b and GJ 1002 b (15.8 ly) considered among the ...
Located 31 light years from Earth, this planet is 1.26 times the mass of Earth and has a radius of 1.08 times the Earth's. Though Wolf 1069 b is likely tidally locked, its daylight side may still be habitable. It has similar characteristics to Proxima Centauri b and is one of the nearest discovered potentially habitable exoplanets to Earth.
The Solar System, and the other stars/dwarfs listed here, are currently moving within (or near) the Local Interstellar Cloud, roughly 30 light-years (9.2 pc) across. The Local Interstellar Cloud is, in turn, contained inside the Local Bubble , a cavity in the interstellar medium about 300 light-years (92.0 pc ) across.
In many cases it is not possible to have an exact value, and an estimated range is instead provided. The coldest and oldest planet directly imaged is Epsilon Indi Ab, which has six times Jupiter's mass, an effective temperature of 275 K, and an age of about 3.5 Ga. This list includes the four members of the multi-planet system that orbit HR 8799.
There are eight planets within the Solar System; planets outside of the solar system are also known as exoplanets. Artist's concept of the potentially habitable exoplanet Kepler-186f As of 19 December 2024, there are 5,811 confirmed exoplanets in 4,340 planetary systems , with 973 systems having more than one planet . [ 1 ]
In March 2013, a revised estimate gave an occurrence rate of 50% for Earth-size planets in the habitable zone of red dwarfs. [208] At 1.63 times Earth's radius Kepler-452b is the first discovered near-Earth-size planet in the "habitable zone" around a G2-type Sun-like star (July 2015). [209]
As of 2022, three planets (one confirmed and two candidates) have been detected in orbit around Proxima Centauri, with one possibly being among the lightest ever detected by radial velocity ("d"), one close to Earth's size within the habitable zone ("b"), and a possible gas dwarf that orbits much further out than the inner two ("c"), although ...
Proxima Centauri b is the closest exoplanet to Earth, [20] at a distance of about 4.2 ly (1.3 parsecs). [5] It orbits Proxima Centauri every 11.186 Earth days at a distance of about 0.049 AU, [1] over 20 times closer to Proxima Centauri than Earth is to the Sun. [21] As of 2021, it is unclear whether it has an eccentricity [e] [24] but Proxima Centauri b is unlikely to have any obliquity. [25]