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In human mitochondrial genetics, L is the mitochondrial DNA macro-haplogroup that is at the root of the anatomically modern human (Homo sapiens) mtDNA phylogenetic tree. As such, it represents the most ancestral mitochondrial lineage of all currently living modern humans, also dubbed "Mitochondrial Eve". Its two sub-clades are L1-6 and L0.
In 2014, ancient DNA analysis of a 2,330 year old male forager's skeleton in Southern Africa found that the specimen belonged to the L0d2c1c mtDNA subclade. This maternal haplogroup is today most closely associated with the Ju, a subgroup of the indigenous San people , which points to population continuity in the region. [ 4 ]
During the early period of the Holocene, 50% of Sub-Saharan African mitochondrial DNA was introduced into North Africa by West Africans and the other 50% was introduced by East Africans. [90] During the modern period, a greater number of West Africans introduced Sub-Saharan African mitochondrial DNA into North Africa than East Africans. [90]
Haplogroup L2 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup with a widespread modern distribution, particularly in Subequatorial Africa. Its L2a subclade is a somewhat frequent and widely distributed mtDNA cluster on the continent, as well as among those in the Americas .
Haplogroup L3 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.The clade has played a pivotal role in the early dispersal of anatomically modern humans.. It is strongly associated with the out-of-Africa migration of modern humans of about 70–50,000 years ago.
In Africa, haplogroup T is primarily found among Afro-Asiatic-speaking populations, ... "Mitochondrial DNA control region sequences from Nairobi (Kenya): Inferring ...
Projected spatial distribution of haplogroup L1 in Africa. Haplogroup L1 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. It is most common in Central Africa and West Africa. It diverged from L1-6 at about 140,000 years ago (140.6 +33.7 −33.0 kya 95% CI). [3]
Mitochondrial DNA is the small circular chromosome found inside mitochondria. These organelles, found in all eukaryotic cells, are the powerhouse of the cell. [1] The mitochondria, and thus mitochondrial DNA, are passed exclusively from mother to offspring through the egg cell.