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The League's membership declined through the second half of the 1930s as it weakened. Between 1935 and the start of World War II in Europe in September 1939, only Egypt joined (becoming the last state to join), 11 members left, and 3 members ceased to exist or fell under military occupation (Ethiopia, Austria, and Czechoslovakia).
However, it had to wait until Italy entered World War II (June 10, 1940) for one of the world powers, the United Kingdom, to move to liberate Ethiopia. Italian troops were pushed back toward the center of the country, with the help of Ethiopian resistance , until the surrender was achieved with the honor of arms of Amedeo Duke of Aosta on the ...
After World War I, the United States pursued a policy of isolationism and declined to join the League of Nations in 1919. Roosevelt had been a supporter of the League of Nations but, by 1935, he told his foreign policy adviser Sumner Welles: "The League of Nations has become nothing more than a debating society, and a poor one at that!".
The Covenant of the League of Nations was part of the Treaty of Versailles, signed on 28 June 1919 between the Allies of World War I and Germany. In order for the treaty to enter into force, it had to be deposited at Paris; in order to be deposited, it had to be ratified by Germany and any three of the five Principal Powers (the United States of America, the British Empire, France, Italy, and ...
The Peace that Never was: A History of the League of Nations (Haus Publishing, 2019), a standard scholarly history. Housden, Martyn. The League of Nations and the organisation of peace (2012) online; Ikonomou, Haakon, Karen Gram-Skjoldager, eds. The League of Nations: Perspectives from the Present (Aarhus University Press, 2019). online review
The main institution intended to bring peace and stability and resolve disputes was the League of Nations, created in 1919. [3] The League was weakened by the non-participation of the United States, Germany, and the Soviet Union, as well as (later) of Japan.
A. J. P. Taylor argued that it was the event that "killed the League [of Nations]" and that the pact "was a perfectly sensible plan, in line with the League's previous acts of conciliation from Corfu to Manchuria" which would have "ended the war; satisfied Italy; and left Abyssinia with a more workable, national territory" but that the "common ...
The mandate system was established by Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations, drafted by the victors of World War I. The article referred to territories which after the war were no longer ruled by their previous sovereign, but their peoples were not considered "able to stand by themselves under the strenuous conditions of the modern world".