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Diphenhydramine, sold under the brand name Benadryl among others, is an antihistamine and sedative. It is a first-generation H 1 -antihistamine and it works by blocking certain effects of histamine , which produces its antihistamine and sedative effects.
Benadryl Allergy is widely used as a sleep aid among adults. While it is not marketed as an over-the-counter (OTC) sleeping aid, most versions of Benadryl contain diphenhydramine, a drug with sedative properties. [6] Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) has also been used by parents to help improve their infant's sleep habits.
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Dimenhydrinate is a theoclate salt composed of diphenhydramine and 8-chlorotheophylline (a theophylline relative) in a 1:1 ratio. [ 2 ] Dimenhydrinate was introduced to the market by G.D. Searle in 1949.
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) was synthesized in 1943, tripelennamine (Pyribenzamine) was patented in 1946, and promethazine (Phenergan) was synthesized in 1947 and launched in 1949. [ 22 ] [ 23 ] [ 24 ] By 1950, at least 20 antihistamines had been marketed. [ 25 ]
In July 1975, the J. B. Williams Co. began marketing Sominex 2. [37] On November 24, 1975, Attorney General Evelle J. Younger filed suit on behalf of the State of California against Williams Co., stating that the product did not warn against use by pregnant or nursing women or persons with asthma or COPD, nor did it notify consumers that it should not be used in conjunction with alcohol. [38]
In 1943, one of his students, Fred Huber, synthesized diphenhydramine. Rieveschl worked with Parke-Davis to test the compound, and the company licensed the patent from him. In 1947 Parke-Davis hired him as their director of research. While he was there, he led the development of a similar drug, orphenadrine. [5]
First-generation antihistamines like diphenhydramine and chlorpheniramine are able to move from the blood into the brain across the blood–brain barrier, where they block the H1 receptor, reducing the neurotransmitter effect of histamine, leading to central nervous system side effects such as drowsiness and confusion. [48]