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The kilogram-force (kgf or kg F), or kilopond (kp, from Latin: pondus, lit. 'weight'), is a non-standard gravitational metric unit of force . It is not accepted for use with the International System of Units (SI) [ 1 ] and is deprecated for most uses.
In solid-state physics, the k·p perturbation theory is an approximated semi-empirical approach for calculating the band structure (particularly effective mass) and optical properties of crystalline solids. [1] [2] [3] It is pronounced "k dot p", and is also called the k·p method.
The symbol kp usually stands for the kilopond, a unit of force, or kilogram-force, used primarily in Europe prior to the introduction of SI units. The kip is also the name of a unit of mass equal to approximately 9.19 kilograms. This usage is obsolete, and was used in Malaysia. [2] [3]
The official planetary K p-index is derived by calculating a weighted average of K-indices from a network of 13 geomagnetic observatories at mid-latitude locations.Since these observatories do not report their data in real-time, various operations centers around the globe estimate the index based on data available from their local network of observatories.
Example K p, p complete bipartite graphs [7] K 3,3 K 4,4 K 5,5; 3 edge-colorings 4 edge-colorings 5 edge-colorings Regular complex polygons of the form 2{4}p have complete bipartite graphs with 2p vertices (red and blue) and p 2 2-edges. They also can also be drawn as p edge-colorings.
The BBM-KP equation provides an alternative to the usual KP equation, in a similar way that the Benjamin–Bona–Mahony equation is related to the classical Korteweg–de Vries equation, as the linearized dispersion relation of the BBM-KP is a good approximation to that of the KP but does not exhibit the unwanted limiting behavior as the ...
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A -function of isospectral type is defined as a solution of the Hirota bilinear equations (see § Hirota bilinear residue relation for KP tau functions below), from which the linear operator undergoing isospectral evolution can be uniquely reconstructed.