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  2. Empiricism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empiricism

    In philosophy, empiricism is an epistemological view which holds that true knowledge or justification comes only or primarily from sensory experience and empirical evidence. [1] It is one of several competing views within epistemology, along with rationalism and skepticism .

  3. Univocity of being - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univocity_of_being

    In medieval disputes over the nature of God, many theologians and philosophers (such as Thomas Aquinas) held that when one says that "God is good" and that "man is good", man's goodness is only analogous to, i.e. similar to but distinct from, God's goodness.

  4. Hume's fork - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hume's_fork

    Hume's strong empiricism, as in Hume's fork as well as Hume's problem of induction, was taken as a threat to Newton's theory of motion. Immanuel Kant responded with his Transcendental Idealism in his 1781 Critique of Pure Reason, where Kant attributed to the mind a causal role in sensory experience by the mind's aligning the environmental input by arranging those sense data into the experience ...

  5. Problem of the creator of God - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_of_the_creator_of_God

    In philosophy, the problem of the creator of God is the controversy regarding the hypothetical cause responsible for the existence of God, on the assumption God exists. It contests the proposition that the universe cannot exist without a creator by asserting that the creator of the Universe must have the same restrictions.

  6. Problem of evil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_of_evil

    [113]: 186 Therefore, if God wants (X) to be a part of creation, and free, then it could mean that the only option such a God would have would be to have an (X) who goes wrong at least once in a world where such wrong is possible. (X)'s free choice determined the world available for God to create. [113]: 187–188

  7. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Essay_Concerning_Human...

    The essay was one of the principal sources of empiricism in modern philosophy, and influenced many enlightenment philosophers, such as David Hume and George Berkeley. Book I of the Essay is Locke's attempt to refute the rationalist notion of innate ideas .

  8. George Berkeley - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Berkeley

    George Berkeley (/ ˈ b ɑːr k l i / BARK-lee; [5] [6] 12 March 1685 – 14 January 1753) – known as Bishop Berkeley (Bishop of Cloyne of the Anglican Church of Ireland) – was an Anglo-Irish philosopher whose primary achievement was the advancement of a theory he called "immaterialism" (later referred to as "subjective idealism" by others).

  9. Søren Kierkegaard - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Søren_Kierkegaard

    Søren Aabye Kierkegaard (/ ˈ s ɒr ə n ˈ k ɪər k ə ɡ ɑːr d / SORR-ən KEER-kə-gard, US also /-ɡ ɔːr /-⁠gor; Danish: [ˈsɶːɐn ˈɔˀˌpyˀ ˈkʰiɐ̯kəˌkɒˀ] ⓘ; [1] 5 May 1813 – 11 November 1855 [2]) was a Danish theologian, philosopher, poet, social critic, and religious author who is widely considered to be the first Christian existentialist philosopher.