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  2. Volume boot record - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volume_boot_record

    The boot code in the VBR can assume that the BIOS has set up its data structures and interrupts and initialized the hardware. The code should not assume more than 32 KB of memory to be present for fail-safe operation; [1] if it needs more memory it should query INT 12h for it, since other pre-boot code (such as f.e. BIOS extension overlays, encryption systems, or remote bootstrap loaders) may ...

  3. Average bitrate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Average_bitrate

    Average bitrate can also refer to a form of variable bitrate (VBR) encoding in which the encoder will try to reach a target average bitrate or file size while allowing the bitrate to vary between different parts of the audio or video. As it is a form of variable bitrate, this allows more complex portions of the material to use more bits and ...

  4. Variable bitrate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_bitrate

    Variable bitrate (VBR) is a term used in telecommunications and computing that relates to the bitrate used in sound or video encoding. As opposed to constant bitrate (CBR), VBR files vary the amount of output data per time segment. VBR allows a higher bitrate (and therefore more storage space) to be allocated to the more complex segments of ...

  5. BIOS parameter block - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS_parameter_block

    In computing, the BIOS parameter block, often shortened to BPB, is a data structure in the volume boot record (VBR) describing the physical layout of a data storage volume. On partitioned devices, such as hard disks, the BPB describes the volume partition, whereas, on unpartitioned devices, such as floppy disks, it describes the entire medium ...

  6. Container format - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Container_format

    Overhead. This is the difference in file-size between two files with the same content in a different container. Support for advanced codec functionality. Older formats such as AVI do not support new codec features like B-frames, VBR audio or VFR video natively. The format may be "hacked" to add support, but this creates compatibility problems.

  7. ATM adaptation layer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATM_adaptation_layer

    AAL Type 2 supports time-dependent Variable Bit Rate (VBR-RT) of connection-oriented, synchronous traffic. Examples include Voice over ATM.AAL2 is also widely used in wireless applications due to the capability of multiplexing voice packets from different users on a single ATM connection.

  8. Data compression - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_compression

    Data compression aims to reduce the size of data files, enhancing storage efficiency and speeding up data transmission. K-means clustering, an unsupervised machine learning algorithm, is employed to partition a dataset into a specified number of clusters, k, each represented by the centroid of its points. This process condenses extensive ...

  9. Context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Context-adaptive_binary...

    Context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) is a form of entropy encoding used in the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC [1] [2] and High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standards. It is a lossless compression technique, although the video coding standards in which it is used are typically for lossy compression applications.