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These fundamental attributes can be used to quantify various higher level attributes, such as the physical abilities of the animal (e.g., its maximum running speed, how steep a slope it can climb), gait, neural control of locomotion, and responses to environmental variation. These can aid in formulation of hypotheses about the animal or ...
Henry Ford did not invent either the automobile or the assembly line. He did improve the assembly line process substantially, sometimes through his own engineering but more often through sponsoring the work of his employees, and he was the main person behind the introduction of the Model T, regarded as the first affordable automobile. [420]
As a very simple explanation of a bifurcation in a dynamical system, consider an object balanced on top of a vertical beam. The mass of the object can be thought of as the control parameter, r, and the beam's deflection from the vertical axis is the dynamic variable, x. As r increases, x remains relatively stable. But when the mass reaches a ...
Orthokinesis: in which the speed of movement of the individual is dependent upon the stimulus intensity. For example, the locomotion of the collembola , Orchesella cincta , in relation to water. With increased water saturation in the soil there is an increase in the direction of its movement towards the aimed place.
Horse galloping The Horse in Motion, 24-camera rig with tripwires GIF animation of Plate 626 Gallop; thoroughbred bay mare Annie G. [1]. Animal Locomotion: An Electro-photographic Investigation of Consecutive Phases of Animal Movements is a series of scientific photographs by Eadweard Muybridge made in 1884 and 1885 at the University of Pennsylvania, to study motion in animals (including humans).
Open loop control is a feed forward form of motor control, and is used to control rapid, ballistic movements that end before any sensory information can be processed. To best study this type of control, most research focuses on deafferentation studies, often involving cats or monkeys whose sensory nerves have been disconnected from their spinal ...
A woman exercising. In physiology, motor coordination is the orchestrated movement of multiple body parts as required to accomplish intended actions, like walking.This coordination is achieved by adjusting kinematic and kinetic parameters associated with each body part involved in the intended movement.
Log-log transformation places numbers into a geometric domain so that proportional deviations are represented consistently, independent of the scale and units of measurement. In biology, this is appropriate because many biological phenomena (e.g., growth, reproduction, metabolism, sensation) are fundamentally multiplicative. [22]