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Coccinia species are perennial climbing or creeping herbs. Climbing is supported by simple of unequally bifid tendrils. Most species develop a tuber from the hypocotyl, sometimes on roots. The cotyledons are simple, entire and have an blunt tip. The leaves are usually stalked, rarely sessile. The leaves are simple to deeply lobed, usually with ...
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Coccinia grandis, the ivy gourd, also known as scarlet gourd, [2] is a tropical vine. It grows primarily in tropical climates and is commonly found in the Indian states where it forms a part of the local cuisine. Coccinia grandis is cooked as a vegetable dish. In Southeast Asia, it is grown for its edible young shoots and edible fruits. [3]
According to molecular analyses, [2] Coccinia grandiflora is closely related to Coccinia schliebenii. Both species share large flowers and cylindrical fruits and occur in rainforests and humid woodland communities. Their common ancestor likely evolved from a species occurring in drier woodlands.
Coccinia abyssinica is distributed in the more humid highlands, while C. megarrhiza occurs in the dry lowlands. [2] Both species belong to the C. rehmannii-clade that shares the character of usually producing a dark green halo around the white spots on ripening fruits.
The epithet refers to the species' status as the only Coccinia from West Africa that occurs in habitats intermediate between semi-arid and humid conditions. Morphologically, Coccinia intermedia combines characters also found in the other four West African species although not in this combination.
According to molecular DNA analyses, Coccinia sessilifolia is related to other South African species, such as Coccinia hirtella, Coccinia mackenii, and Coccinia quinqueloba. Some populations from the western part of Limpopo province have long petioles, but share all other characters with Coccinia sessilifolia.
The order consists of roughly 2600 species in eight families. The largest families are Begoniaceae (begonia family) with around 1500 species and Cucurbitaceae (gourd family) with around 900 species. These two families include the only economically important plants.
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