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An instruction set architecture (ISA) is an abstract model of a computer, also referred to as computer architecture.A realization of an ISA is called an implementation.An ISA permits multiple implementations that may vary in performance, physical size, and monetary cost (among other things); because the ISA serves as the interface between software and hardware.
The first documented computer architecture was in the correspondence between Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace, describing the analytical engine.While building the computer Z1 in 1936, Konrad Zuse described in two patent applications for his future projects that machine instructions could be stored in the same storage used for data, i.e., the stored-program concept.
Out-of-order execution, branch prediction, Harvard architecture: AMD K8: 2003 64-bit, integrated memory controller, 16 byte instruction prefetching AMD K10: 2007 Superscalar, out-of-order execution, 32-way set associative L3 victim cache, 32-byte instruction prefetching: ARM7TDMI (-S) 2001 3 ARM7EJ-S: 2001 5 ARM810 5
Category:Computer hardware for articles about computer electronic components, buses, clock signals, motherboards, etc. Category:Computer storage; Category:Central processing unit; Category:Operating systems for articles about systems; Fault-tolerant design and Fault-tolerant system
The following is a partial list of Intel CPU microarchitectures. The list is incomplete, additional details can be found in Intel's tick–tock model, process–architecture–optimization model and Template:Intel processor roadmap.
The first was the CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer), which had many different instructions. In the 1970s, however, places like IBM did research and found that many instructions in the set could be eliminated. The result was the RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), an architecture that uses a smaller set of instructions.
The ARM architecture is used in most other product categories, especially high-volume battery powered mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. Some Xeon Phi processors support four-way hyper-threading , effectively quadrupling the number of threads. [ 1 ]
Example of a high-level systems architecture for a computer. A system architecture is the conceptual model that defines the structure, behavior, and views of a system. [1] An architecture description is a formal description and representation of a system, organized in a way that supports reasoning about the structures and behaviors of the system.