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Sound localization is a listener's ability to identify the location or origin of a detected sound in direction and distance. The sound localization mechanisms of the mammalian auditory system have been extensively studied. The auditory system uses several cues for sound source localization, including time difference and level difference (or ...
Acoustic source localization [4] is the task of locating a sound source given measurements of the sound field. The sound field can be described using physical quantities like sound pressure and particle velocity. By measuring these properties it is (indirectly) possible to obtain a source direction.
3D sound localization refers to an acoustic technology that is used to locate the source of a sound in a three-dimensional space. The source location is usually determined by the direction of the incoming sound waves (horizontal and vertical angles) and the distance between the source and sensors.
3D sound reconstruction is the application of reconstruction techniques to 3D sound localization technology. These methods of reconstructing three- dimensional sound are used to recreate sounds to match natural environments and provide spatial cues of the sound source.
When localizing 3D sound in spatial domain, one could take into account that the incoming sound signal could be reflected, diffracted and scattered by the upper torso of the human which consists of shoulders, head and pinnae. Localization also depends on the direction of the sound source. [5]
(sound source: 100 ms white noise from 90° azimuth, 0° elevation) The interaural time difference (or ITD) when concerning humans or animals, is the difference in arrival time of a sound between two ears. It is important in the localization of sounds, as it provides a cue to the direction or angle of the sound source from the head. If a signal ...
Consisting of three areas, the outer, middle and inner ear, the auditory periphery acts as a complex transducer that converts sound vibrations into action potentials in the auditory nerve. The outer ear consists of the external ear, ear canal and the ear drum. The outer ear, like an acoustic funnel, helps locating the sound source. [2]
Any desired sound can now be convolved with one of these filters and played to a listener over headphones. This creates the perception of an externalised sound source. This approach has obvious advantages over the "dummy head technique", most notably the fact that once the filter bank has been obtained it can be applied to any desired sound source.