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Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) is the formation of a blood clot within the cavernous sinus, a cavity at the base of the brain which drains deoxygenated blood from the brain back to the heart. This is a rare disorder and can be of two types–septic cavernous thrombosis and aseptic cavernous thrombosis. [ 1 ]
The danger triangle of the face consists of the area from the corners of the mouth to the bridge of the nose, including the nose and maxilla. [1] [2]: 345–346 Due to the special nature of the blood supply to the human nose and surrounding area, it is possible for retrograde infection from the nasal area to spread to the brain, causing cavernous sinus thrombosis, meningitis, or brain abscess.
Lesions affecting the cavernous sinus may affect isolated nerves or all the nerves traversing through it. The pituitary gland lies between the two paired cavernous sinuses. An abnormally growing pituitary adenoma, sitting on the bony sella turcica, will expand in the direction of least resistance and eventually invade the cavernous sinus. [4]
In the past, septic cavernous sinus thrombosis was often a death sentence, the Cleveland Clinic explains. But these days, the condition is usually treatable with antibiotics if it's caught in time.
Thrombosis, such as a cavernous sinus thrombosis, refers to a clot affecting the venous drainage from the cavernous sinus, affects the optic (II), oculomotor (III), trochlear (IV), ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (V1) and the abducens nerve (VI). [25]
The medial angle of the eye, nose and lips (known as the danger triangle of the face) usually drain through the facial vein, via the superior ophthalmic vein through the cavernous sinus. An infection of the face may spread to the cavernous sinus through the superior ophthalmic vein. [6] This can cause cavernous sinus thrombosis. [6]
This also connects it with the inferior ophthalmic vein and the cavernous sinus. These do not have valves. [citation needed] The angular vein itself may not contain valves. [3] It receives the lateral nasal veins from the ala of the nose, and the inferior palpebral vein. The angular vein lies lateral to the angular nerve. [1]
Direct CCF may be treated by occlusion of the affected cavernous sinus (coils, balloon, liquid agents), or by reconstruction of the damaged internal carotid artery (stent, coils or liquid agents). [citation needed] Indirect CCF may be treated by occlusion of the affected cavernous sinus with coils, liquid agents or a combination of both. [3] [4 ...