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Another flu pandemic occurred in 1781–1782, starting in China in autumn. [68] From this pandemic, influenza became associated with sudden outbreaks of febrile illness. [77] The next flu pandemic was from 1830 to 1833, beginning in China in winter. This pandemic had a high attack rate, but the mortality rate was low. [34] [68]
There is a high-dose flu vaccine specifically formulated to provide a stronger immune response. [130] Available evidence indicates that vaccinating the elderly with the high-dose vaccine leads to a stronger immune response against influenza than the regular-dose vaccine.
Polyvalent influenza vaccine is a type of influenza vaccine that provides immunity against more than one type of antigen. [1] In the second week after receiving the flu shot, the body's immune system is triggered by the antigens so the body starts producing antibodies.
Innate immune defenses are non-specific, meaning these systems respond to pathogens in a generic way. [19] This system does not confer long-lasting immunity against a pathogen. The innate immune system is the dominant system of host defense in most organisms, [ 2 ] and the only one in plants.
A 2021 study found the common flu vaccine provided immunity to the flu in 58% of recipients. [6] The measles vaccine fails to provide immunity to 2% of children that receive the vaccine. However, if herd immunity exists, it typically prevents individuals who are ineffectively vaccinated from contracting the disease. [ 7 ]
Flu season is an annually recurring time period characterized by the prevalence of an outbreak of influenza (flu). The season occurs during the cold half of the year in each hemisphere . It takes approximately two days to show symptoms.
The next time, the immune response against this microbe can be very efficient; this is the case in many of the childhood infections that a person only contracts once, but then is immune. Artificial active immunization is where the microbe, or parts of it, are injected into the person before they are able to take it in naturally.
Treatments for influenza include a range of medications and therapies that are used in response to disease influenza.Treatments may either directly target the influenza virus itself; or instead they may just offer relief to symptoms of the disease, while the body's own immune system works to recover from infection.