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Glycation is the non-enzymatic process responsible for many (e.g. micro and macrovascular) complications in diabetes mellitus and is implicated in some diseases and in aging. [2] [3] [4] Glycation end products are believed to play a causative role in the vascular complications of diabetes mellitus. [5]
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are proteins or lipids that become glycated as a result of exposure to sugars. [1] They are a bio-marker implicated in aging and the development, or worsening, of many degenerative diseases , such as diabetes , atherosclerosis , chronic kidney disease , and Alzheimer's disease .
Eating too much sugar is associated with many of the leading causes of death in the U.S., including heart disease, certain cancers, and type 2 diabetes, among others. But the key phrase here is ...
3-Deoxyglucosone (3DG) is a sugar that is notable because it is a marker for diabetes. 3DG reacts with protein to form advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which contribute to diseases such as the vascular complications of diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, Alzheimer's disease, inflammation, and aging.
Diabetes is very common. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) notes that 38.4 million people in the United States are currently living with diabetes. That’s 11.6 percent of the ...
Frequent hunger without other symptoms can also indicate that blood sugar levels are too low. This may occur when people who have diabetes take too much oral hypoglycemic medication or insulin for the amount of food they eat. The resulting drop in blood sugar level to below the normal range prompts a hunger response. [citation needed]
Fructosamines are compounds that result from glycation reactions between glucose and a primary amine, followed by isomerization via the Amadori rearrangement.Biologically, fructosamines are recognized by fructosamine-3-kinase, which may trigger the degradation of advanced glycation end-products (though the true clinical significance of this pathway is unclear).
The complications of diabetes can dramatically impair quality of life and cause long-lasting disability. Overall, complications are far less common and less severe in people with well-controlled blood sugar levels. [3] [4] [5] Some non-modifiable risk factors such as age at diabetes onset, type of diabetes, gender, and genetics may influence risk.