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The panniculus (often incorrectly referred to as pannus) [1] is a dense layer of fatty tissue consisting of excess subcutaneous fat within the lower abdominal region. [2] Panniculi can form after rapid weight loss, as seen with strict exercise plans—in this case, the abdominal fat is successfully reduced, but excess skin is left behind which ...
Pannus is an abnormal layer of fibrovascular tissue or granulation tissue. Common sites for pannus formation include over the cornea, over a joint surface (as seen in rheumatoid arthritis), or on a prosthetic heart valve. [1] Pannus may grow in a tumor-like fashion, as in joints where it may erode articular cartilage and bone.
In the most primitive gastropods, however, the stomach is a more complex structure. In these species, the hind part of the stomach, where the oesophagus enters, is chitinous, and includes a sorting region lined with cilia. [1] In all gastropods, the portion of the stomach furthest from the oesophagus, called the "style sac", is lined with cilia.
The cecum or caecum is a pouch within the peritoneum that is considered to be the beginning of the large intestine. [1] It is typically located on the right side of the body (the same side of the body as the appendix, to which it is joined).
The stomach is involved in the gastric phase of digestion, following the cephalic phase in which the sight and smell of food and the act of chewing are stimuli. In the stomach a chemical breakdown of food takes place by means of secreted digestive enzymes and gastric acid. The stomach is located between the esophagus and the small intestine.
A condition that is a result of stomach contents consistently coming back up into the esophagus causing troublesome symptoms or complications. [19] Symptoms are considered troublesome based on how disruptive they are to a patient's daily life and well-being. This definition was standardized by the Montreal Consensus in 2006. [20]
Whilst the muscularis externa is similar throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract, an exception is the stomach which has an additional inner oblique muscular layer to aid with grinding and mixing of food. The muscularis externa of the stomach is composed of the inner oblique layer, middle circular layer, and the outer longitudinal layer.
The large intestine, also known as the large bowel, is the last part of the gastrointestinal tract and of the digestive system in tetrapods.Water is absorbed here and the remaining waste material is stored in the rectum as feces before being removed by defecation. [1]