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Alveolar pressure (PA) at end expiration is equal to atmospheric pressure (0 cm H 2 O differential pressure, at zero flow), plus or minus 2 cm H 2 O (1.5 mmHg) throughout the lung. On the other hand, gravity causes a gradient in blood pressure between the top and bottom of the lung of 20 mmHg in the erect position (roughly half of that in the ...
Alveolar gas volume: V L: Actual volume of the lung including the volume of the conducting airway. FVC: Forced vital capacity: the determination of the vital capacity from a maximally forced expiratory effort: FEV t: Forced expiratory volume (time): a generic term indicating the volume of air exhaled under forced conditions in the first t ...
The alveolar oxygen partial pressure is lower than the atmospheric O 2 partial pressure for two reasons. Firstly, as the air enters the lungs, it is humidified by the upper airway and thus the partial pressure of water vapour (47 mmHg) reduces the oxygen partial pressure to about 150 mmHg.
Alveolar gas volume: V L: Actual volume of the lung including the volume of the conducting airway. FVC: Forced vital capacity: the determination of the vital capacity from a maximally forced expiratory effort: FEV t: Forced expiratory volume (time): a generic term indicating the volume of air exhaled under forced conditions in the first t ...
is the partial pressure of oxygen in the systemic veins (where it can actually be measured). Thus, the higher the diffusing capacity , the more gas will be transferred into the lung per unit time for a given gradient in partial pressure (or concentration) of the gas. Since it can be possible to know the alveolar oxygen concentration and the ...
Pulmonary compliance is calculated using the following equation, where ΔV is the change in volume, and ΔP is the change in pleural pressure: = For example, if a patient inhales 500 mL of air from a spirometer with an intrapleural pressure before inspiration of −5 cm H 2 O and −10 cm H 2 O at the end of inspiration.
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Hindrance in the alveolar wall. e.g. fibrosis, alveolitis, vasculitis; Decrease of total lung area, e.g. Restrictive lung disease or lung resection (partial or total). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Emphysema) due to decreased surface area in the alveoli, as well as damage to the capillary bed [7] Pulmonary embolism; Cardiac ...