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Argon (18 Ar) has 26 known isotopes, from 29 Ar to 54 Ar, of which three are stable (36 Ar, 38 Ar, and 40 Ar). On the Earth, 40 Ar makes up 99.6% of natural argon. The longest-lived radioactive isotopes are 39 Ar with a half-life of 268 years, 42 Ar with a half-life of 32.9 years, and 37 Ar with a half-life of 35.04 days.
Argon is the most abundant noble gas in Earth's crust, comprising 0.00015% of the crust. Nearly all argon in Earth's atmosphere is radiogenic argon-40, derived from the decay of potassium-40 in Earth's crust. In the universe, argon-36 is by far the most common argon isotope, as it is the most easily produced by stellar nucleosynthesis in ...
Diargon or the argon dimer is a molecule containing two argon atoms. Normally, this is only very weakly bound together by van der Waals forces (a van der Waals molecule ). However, in an excited state , or ionised state , the two atoms can be more tightly bound together, with significant spectral features.
An idealised view of three pairs of large circulation cells. Atmospheric circulation is the large-scale movement of air through the troposphere, and the means (with ocean circulation) by which heat is distributed around Earth. The large-scale structure of the atmospheric circulation varies from year to year, but the basic structure remains ...
Among the 41 even-Z elements that have a stable nuclide, only two elements (argon and cerium) have no even–odd stable nuclides. One element (tin) has three. There are 24 elements that have one even–odd nuclide and 13 that have two even–odd nuclides. The lightest example of this type of nuclide is 3 2 He and the heaviest is 207 82 Pb.
The Earth's atmospheric circulation varies from year to year, but the large-scale structure of its circulation remains fairly constant. The smaller-scale weather systems – mid-latitude depressions , or tropical convective cells – occur chaotically, and long-range weather predictions of those cannot be made beyond ten days in practice, or a ...
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Nitrogen is the most common pure element in the earth, making up 78.1% of the volume of the atmosphere [9] (75.5% by mass), around 3.89 million gigatonnes (3.89 × 10 18 kg). Despite this, it is not very abundant in Earth's crust, making up somewhere around 19 parts per million of this, on par with niobium, gallium, and lithium.