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  2. Hard water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_water

    Parts per million (ppm) is usually defined as 1 mg/L CaCO 3 (the definition used below). [20] It is equivalent to mg/L without chemical compound specified, and to American degree. Grain per gallon (gpg) is defined as 1 grain (64.8 mg) of calcium carbonate per U.S. gallon (3.79 litres), or 17.118 ppm.

  3. dGH - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DGH

    In water testing hardness is often measured in parts per million (ppm), where one part per million is defined as one milligram of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) per litre of water. Consequently, 1 dGH corresponds to 10 ppm CaO but 17.848 ppm CaCO 3 which has a molar mass of 100.09 g/mol.

  4. Grain per gallon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grain_per_gallon

    Water chemists measure water impurities in parts per million (ppm). For understandability, hardness ordinarily is expressed in grains of hardness per gallon of water (gpg). The two systems can be converted mathematically.

  5. Parts-per notation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parts-per_notation

    Parts-per notation is often used describing dilute solutions in chemistry, for instance, the relative abundance of dissolved minerals or pollutants in water.The quantity "1 ppm" can be used for a mass fraction if a water-borne pollutant is present at one-millionth of a gram per gram of sample solution.

  6. Carbonate hardness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonate_hardness

    In a solution where only CO 2 affects the pH, carbonate hardness can be used to calculate the concentration of dissolved CO 2 in the solution with the formula CO 2 = 3 × KH × 10 (7-pH), where KH is degrees of carbonate hardness and CO 2 is given in ppm by weight. [citation needed]

  7. Heavy water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_water

    The presence of the heavier isotope gives the water different nuclear properties, and the increase in mass gives it slightly different physical and chemical properties when compared to normal water. Deuterium is a heavy hydrogen isotope. Heavy water contains deuterium atoms and is used in nuclear reactors.

  8. Mass fraction (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_fraction_(chemistry)

    In chemistry, the mass fraction of a substance within a mixture is the ratio (alternatively denoted ) of the mass of that substance to the total mass of the mixture. [1] Expressed as a formula, the mass fraction is:

  9. Clarke number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarke_number

    If the concentration of a commodity in an ore X is [ppm], and the "clarke" of that commodity is [ppm], then "the clarke of concentration" of that commodity X is = (dimensionless). The value represents the degree to which the commodity is concentrated from crustal abundances to the ore by natural geochemical processes; a clue for whether the ...