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A secret protocol to the pact outlined an agreement between Germany and the Soviet Union on the division of the eastern European border states between their respective "spheres of influence," Soviet Union and Germany would partition Poland in the event of an invasion by Germany, and the Soviets would be allowed to overrun Finland, Estonia ...
After some initial confusion, beacons raised an invasion alarm which eventually reached the county governor, the retired marine officer Erik af Klint. Af Klint started organizing an armed force in Gotland following orders from Stockholm. However, Gotland had no troops ready at the time of the invasion. Instead af Klint had to raise a peasant levy.
Gustav IV Adolf's arrest. Gustav Adolf was deposed by a conspiracy of army officers. On 7 March 1809, lieutenant-colonel Georg Adlersparre, commander of a part of the so-called western army stationed in Värmland, triggered the Coup of 1809 by raising the flag of rebellion in Karlstad and starting to march upon Stockholm.
Battle That Shook Europe: Poltava & the Birth of the Russian Empire (2003) Hatton, Ragnhild M. "Charles XII and the Great Northern War." in J.S. Bromley, ed., New Cambridge Modern History VI: The Rise of Great Britain and Russia 1688–1725 (1970) pp 648–80. Lisk, Jill. The struggle for supremacy in the Baltic, 1600–1725 (1968). Lunde ...
The Russian invasion of East Prussia occurred during World War I, lasting from August to September 1914. As well as being the natural course for the Russian Empire to take upon the declaration of war on the German Empire , it was also an attempt to focus the Imperial German Army on the Eastern Front , as opposed to the Western Front .
It began with a Swedish invasion of the Polish–Lithuanian fiefdom Livonia. Swedish forces succeeded in taking the city of Riga after a siege. The Commonwealth, focused on a war with the Ottoman Empire (such as the battles of Cecora and Chocim ), was unable to send significant forces to stop Gustav Adolf , and signed a truce favorable to Sweden.
The immediate consequence of the Russian invasion was the deposition of Gustav Adolf by the Coup of 1809 on 13 March 1809, and the exclusion of his whole family from the succession. [ citation needed ] On 5 June 1809, the duke regent was proclaimed king, under the title of Charles XIII, after accepting the new liberal constitution , which was ...
Hitler also expressed his belief that in ancient times the concept of "Europe" was limited to the southern tip of the Greek peninsula, and was then "brought into confusion" by the expanding borders of the Roman Empire. He stated that if Germany won the war, the boundary of Europe "would extend eastward to the furthest German colony". [5]