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The Thirteen Attributes of Mercy (י״ג מִידּוֹת) or Shelosh-'Esreh Middot HaRakhamim (transliterated from the Hebrew: שְׁלוֹשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵה מִדּוֹת הַרַחֲמִים) as enumerated in the Book of Exodus (Exodus 34:6–7) in Parasha Ki Tissa are the Divine Attributes with which, according to Judaism, God governs the world.
Accordingly, the 13 attributes are derived from this and are described in great detail. Additionally, the "Thirteen Attributes of Mercy" were described by Rabbi Chizkiyah in an allegorical depiction of a lily among thorns. The metaphor in whole is known and taught as "The lily amongst the thorns," a phrase found in Shir Hashirim 2:2. A summary:
The concept of mercy encompasses two terms in Hebrew. Chesed, which is also translated as 'loving-kindness' and 'goodness', is the seventh of the thirteen defining attributes of God. The other, rachamim, is also translated as 'compassion' (or because its noun form is grammatically plural, as 'mercies').
The Aramaic term Arich Anpin derives from the Hebrew phrase Erech Apaim ("slow to anger" - literally "long nose"), one of the Thirteen Attributes of Mercy enumerated in Exodus 34:6-7. [8] Arich ("long") implies the infinite extension of Divine Will in Creation, while "long nose" also implies "long breath" (the opposite of impatient "short breath").
This section describes Moses receiving of the second tablets of the Ten Commandments and God revealing the Thirteen Attributes of Mercy. [5] On the fourth day of Chol HaMoed, Numbers 9:1–14 is read. This describes the laws of Pesach Sheni. [5] When any of the days of Chol HaMoed falls out on Shabbat, Exodus 33:12–34:26 is read.
Therefore God in His mercy allowed people to repent and be forgiven. [13] God is said to temper justice with mercy, and to follow the Thirteen Attributes of Mercy in order to forgive sins. [15] Judaism teaches that humans contain a yetzer, or human instinct.
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The words used in the Bible in Hebrew to designate mercy, including divine mercy, are rakham (Exodus 34:6; Isaiah 55:7), khanan (Deut. 4:31) and khesed (Nehemiah 9:32). [2]In the Greek of the New Testament and of the Septuagint, the word most commonly used to designate mercy, including divine mercy, is eleos.