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A seizure is a paroxysmal episode of symptoms or altered behavior arising from abnormal excessive or synchronous brain neuronal activity. [5] A focal onset seizure arises from a biological neural network within one cerebral hemisphere, while a generalized onset seizure arises from within the cerebral hemispheres rapidly involving both hemispheres.
If a focal seizure spreads from one hemisphere to the other side of the brain, this will give rise to a focal to bilateral seizure. [5] [6] The person will become unconscious and may experience a tonic–clonic seizure. Individuals with multiple focal seizures typically have a condition known as temporal lobe epilepsy. (A generalized seizure is ...
Focal seizures affect a specific area of the brain, not both sides. [13] It may turn into a generalized seizure if the seizure spreads through the brain. [3] [13] [8] Consciousness may or may not be impaired. [3] [5] The signs and symptoms of these seizures depends on the location of the brain that is affected. Focal seizures usually consist of ...
Most generalized tonic–clonic seizures begin without warning and abruptly, but some epileptic patients describe a prodrome. The prodrome of a generalized tonic–clonic seizure is a sort of premonitory feeling hours before a seizure. This type of prodrome is distinct from stereotypic aura of focal seizures that become generalized seizures. Phases
Generalized epilepsy is a form of epilepsy characterised by generalised seizures with no apparent cause. [1] Generalized seizures, as opposed to focal seizures, are a type of seizure that impairs consciousness and distorts the electrical activity of the whole or a larger portion of the brain (which can be seen, for example, on electroencephalography, EEG).
Focal neurological deficits may be caused by a variety of medical conditions such as head trauma, [1] tumors or stroke; or by various diseases such as meningitis or encephalitis or as a side effect of certain medications such as those used in anesthesia. [2] Neurological soft signs are a group of non-focal neurologic signs. [3]
Seizures also typically reduce in frequency and often abate by puberty. Persons with DEE-SWAS or EE-SWAS may present with a variety of seizures types including focal seizures or generalized seizures, and rarely seizures may not be seen. [6] Certain medications such as steroids or high dose benzodiazepines may improve the sleep EEG.
If the onset of the seizure is unclear due to insufficient data from the patient's history as well as from the tests performed to classify it as focal or generalized, then the seizure is classified as of unknown onset. [18] Epileptic seizures has been classified into two categories based on the region of the brain they occur: Focal seizures and ...
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