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As the Mach number is defined as the ratio of two speeds, it is a dimensionless quantity. If M < 0.2–0.3 and the flow is quasi-steady and isothermal, compressibility effects will be small and simplified incompressible flow equations can be used. [1] [2]
However, equation (3-11) is a 16th-order equation, and even if we factor out the four solutions for the fixed points and the 2-periodic points, it is still a 12th-order equation . Therefore, it is no longer possible to solve this equation to obtain an explicit function of a that represents the values of the 4-periodic points in the same way as ...
Abramowitz and Stegun give several approximations of varying accuracy (equations 7.1.25–28). This allows one to choose the fastest approximation suitable for a given application. This allows one to choose the fastest approximation suitable for a given application.
The Q-function can be generalized to higher dimensions: [14] = (),where (,) follows the multivariate normal distribution with covariance and the threshold is of the form = for some positive vector > and positive constant >.
A simplified equation for irradiance on a given day is: [20] [21] ...
Specific modulus is a materials property consisting of the elastic modulus per mass density of a material. It is also known as the stiffness to weight ratio or specific stiffness.
Matrices can be used to compactly write and work with multiple linear equations, that is, systems of linear equations. For example, if A is an m × n matrix, x designates a column vector (that is, n ×1 -matrix) of n variables x 1 , x 2 , ..., x n , and b is an m ×1 -column vector, then the matrix equation
Simplified equalization [ edit ] The effects of frequency-selective channel conditions, for example fading caused by multipath propagation, can be considered as constant (flat) over an OFDM sub-channel if the sub-channel is sufficiently narrow-banded (i.e., if the number of sub-channels is sufficiently large).