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Jochi's mother, Börte, was born into the Onggirat tribe, who lived along the Greater Khingan mountain range south of the Ergüne river, in modern-day Inner Mongolia. [2] At the age of ten, she was betrothed to a Mongol boy named Temüjin, son of the Mongol chieftain Yesugei.
Genghis Khan [a] (born Temüjin; c. 1162 – August 1227), also known as Chinggis Khan, [b] was the founder and first khan of the Mongol Empire. After spending most of his life uniting the Mongol tribes , he launched a series of military campaigns , conquering large parts of China and Central Asia .
Jochi's mother was the same person as his three brothers': Genghis Khan's teen bride, and apparent lifelong love, Börte. Only her sons were counted as Genghis's "official" sons and successors, rather than those conceived by the Khan’s 500 or so other " wives and consorts ".
Chagatai, Jochi's brother, often chided Jochi for these claims, which often led to quarrels between the two brothers. Temüjin reportedly wholeheartedly denied this accusation, calling them disrespectful and claiming Jochi as his son. As a result of this infighting, Genghis Khan opted for neither Jochi nor Chagatai to take over his legacy as Khan.
Genghis Khan granted the duo permission to undertake their expedition, and after making their way through the Caucasus, they defeated a coalition of Caucasian tribes before defeating the Cumans. The Cuman Khan fled to the court of his son-in-law, Mstislav Mstislavich of Galicia, whom he convinced to help fight the Mongols.
The presence of the Merkit and Naimans there posed a threat to the new empire, and Genghis did not give them long to foment opposition. [8] [11] The other goal was to subjugate what the Mongols referred to as the "Forest People". [11] Jochi, the oldest son of Genghis, led the expedition. [8]
By 1206, Genghis Khan had conquered all Mongol and Turkic tribes in Mongolia and the southern borderlands of Siberia and established the Mongol Empire. In 1207, he sent his eldest son Jochi to conquer the Siberian "Forest People", namely the Uriankhai, the Oirats, the Barga, the Khakas, the Buryats, the Tuvans, the Khori-Tumed [], Ursut, Qabqanas, Tubas, Kem-Kemjuit, the Yenisei Kyrgyz ...
In 1206, he was elected the khan of the new Mongol Empire and given the name Genghis Khan. [3] In either late 1208 or early 1209, as part of the conquest of Siberia, a Mongol expedition commanded by Genghis Khan's oldest son, Jochi, met the Merkits and Naimans at a branch of the Irtysh.