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Phenylacetylene is a prototypical terminal acetylene, undergoing many reactions expected of that functional group. It undergoes semihydrogenation over Lindlar catalyst to give styrene. In the presence of base and copper(II) salts, it undergoes oxidative coupling to give diphenylbutadiyne. [6]
The Hay coupling is variant of the Glaser coupling. It relies on the TMEDA complex of copper(I) chloride to activate the terminal alkyne. Oxygen (air) is used in the Hay variant to oxidize catalytic amounts of Cu(I) to Cu(II) throughout the reaction, as opposed to a stoichiometric amount of Cu(II) used in the Eglington variant. [7]
The Sandmeyer reaction is a chemical reaction used ... when he attempted to synthesize phenylacetylene from ... The Sandmeyer reaction is an example of a ...
The reaction provides a means to generate alkynes from alkenes, which are first halogenated and then dehydrohalogenated. For example, phenylacetylene can be generated from styrene by bromination followed by treatment of the resulting of 1,2-dibromo-1-phenylethane with sodium amide in ammonia: [9] [10]
Phenylacetylene was proven to form Pd monoacetylide complex D as well as Pd bisacetylide complex F under mild reaction conditions. Both activated species, namely complexes B and F , are involved in the transmetallation step, forming complex C and regenerating D .
These reactions invariably involve metal-acetylide intermediates. This reaction was discovered by chemist John Ulric Nef in 1899 while experimenting with reactions of elemental sodium, phenylacetylene, and acetophenone. [3] [4] For this reason, the reaction is sometimes referred to as Nef synthesis.
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In a classic example of click chemistry, phenyl azide and phenylacetylene react to give diphenyl triazole. Phenyl azide reacts with triphenylphosphine to give the Staudinger reagent triphenylphosphine phenylimide (C 6 H 5 NP(C 6 H 5) 3). Thermolysis induces loss of N 2 to give the highly reactive phenylnitrene C 6 H 5 N. [6]