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The IAAF rules excluded athletes from competing in the specified events, unless they reduced their testosterone below 5 nmol/L, a lower level of testosterone than previously, suggested to be a more realistic limit for testosterone for women without DSDs. [23] The regulations were published 23 April 2018, to be effective from 1 November 2018.
Testosterone is an essential hormone for both men and women, playing an important role in muscle growth and cognitive function. Low levels of the hormone can lead to changes in mood, cognition and ...
The expulsion of Mboma and Masilingi from the women’s 400 serves as a reminder that the debate over the fairness of World Athletics’ testosterone rule won’t end whenever Semenya hangs up her ...
Why do women use testosterone? Dr. Amy Voedisch, an OB-GYN at Stanford Medicine in Palo Alto, California, has noticed a dramatic rise in recent years in middle-age women asking for testosterone ...
In 2019, World Athletics opted to set a maximum testosterone level for the 400, 800, and one-mile women's races in the 2020 Summer Olympics. [70] Caster Semenya , an intersex woman who won gold in the women's 800 m in both the 2012 and 2016 Olympics, filed to appeal the decision, which would effectively ban her from competing in middle-distance ...
Previously in October 2019, World Athletics had allowed trans athletes with a testosterone level limited at 5 nmol/L. [85] According to regulations from October 2019, in order for a trans woman to compete in the women's category: "3.2.1 she must provide a written and signed declaration, in a form satisfactory to the Medical Manager, that her ...
Research on women and testosterone has been limited, but as more is done, experts are seeing that the hormone affects the female sex drive, just as it does the male. It also plays an essential ...
Testosterone, total Refs Endocrine Society: United States: 100–200 pg/mL <50 ng/dL [1] World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) United States "[T]estosterone levels [...] below the upper limit of the normal female range and estradiol levels within a premenopausal female range but well below supraphysiologic levels."
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