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Drainage gradient (DG) is a term in road design, defined as the combined slope due to road surface cross slope (CS) and longitudinal slope (hilliness). Although the term may not be used, the concept is also used in roof design and landscape architecture. If the drainage gradient is too low, rain and melt water drainage will be insufficient.
the horizontal line that is perpendicular to the road's center line, and; the surface. Typical values range from 2 percent for straight segments to 10 percent for sharp superelevated curves. It may also be expressed as a fraction of an inch in rise over a one-foot run (e.g. 1 ⁄ 4 inch per foot).
The grade (US) or gradient (UK) (also called stepth, slope, incline, mainfall, pitch or rise) of a physical feature, landform or constructed line is either the elevation angle of that surface to the horizontal or its tangent. It is a special case of the slope, where zero indicates horizontality. A larger number indicates higher or steeper ...
Topographic maps conventionally show topography, or land contours, by means of contour lines. Contour lines are curves that connect contiguous points of the same altitude . In other words, every point on the marked line of 100 m elevation is 100 m above mean sea level.
The slope of the water table is known as the “hydraulic gradient”, which depends on the rate at which water is added to and removed from the aquifer and the permeability of the material. The water table does not always mimic the topography due to variations in the underlying geological structure (e.g., folded, faulted, fractured bedrock).
A discordant system or pattern does not correlate to the topography and geology of the area. Discordant drainage patterns are classified into two main types: antecedent and superimposed, [2] while ante position drainage patterns combine the two. In antecedent drainage, a river's vertical incision ability matches that of land uplift due to ...
the permissible long term average depth of the water table (Dw) on the basis of agricultural drainage criteria; the soil's hydraulic conductivity (Ka and Kb) by measurements; the depth of the bottom of the aquifer (Di) the design drain spacing (L) can be found from the equation in dependence of the drain depth (Dd) and drain radius (r ...
In 1960, the decision was taken to further improve drainage of an area of 70,000 acres (280 km 2), as part of a £1.4 million scheme which included the addition of two extra pumps at the Black Sluice, replacement of existing pumps elsewhere, and the widening of 7 miles (11 km) of the South Forty-Foot Drain from Donington Bridge to Rippingale ...