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Phenytoin (PHT), sold under the brand name Dilantin among others, [1] is an anti-seizure medication. [3] It is useful for the prevention of tonic-clonic seizures (also known as grand mal seizures) and focal seizures, but not absence seizures. [3] The intravenous form, fosphenytoin, is used for status epilepticus that does not improve with ...
Purple glove syndrome is caused by the intravenous anticonvulsant phenytoin. [3] This medication has many already established neurological side effects. However, glove syndrome is a rare, with prevalence ranging from 1.7% to 5.9%, but has very serious adverse effect that may lead to limb amputations.
Carbamazepine, sold under the brand name Tegretol among others, is an anticonvulsant medication used in the treatment of epilepsy and neuropathic pain. [4] [1] It is used as an adjunctive treatment in schizophrenia along with other medications and as a second-line agent in bipolar disorder.
Fosphenytoin, also known as fosphenytoin sodium, and sold under the brand name Cerebyx among others, is a water-soluble phenytoin prodrug that is administered intravenously to deliver phenytoin, potentially more safely than intravenous phenytoin. It is used in the acute treatment of convulsive status epilepticus. Fosphenytoin was developed in ...
The newer drugs tend to have fewer side effects. [42] For newly diagnosed partial or mixed seizures, there is evidence for using gabapentin, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine or topiramate as monotherapy. [42] Lamotrigine can be included in the options for children with newly diagnosed absence seizures. [42]
The adverse effects found in the Phase II trial mainly affected the central nervous system, and appeared to be dose-related. [8] The most common adverse effects were drowsiness, dizziness, tinnitus and vertigo, confusion, and slurred speech. [9] Less common side effects included tremor, memory loss, gait disturbances, and double vision. [10]
Felbamate interacts with several other AEDs, including phenytoin, valproate, and carbamazepine; dosage adjustments may be necessary to avoid adverse effects. Concomitant administration of felbamate and carbamazepine decreases blood levels of both drugs, while increasing the level of carbamazepine-10,11 epoxide , the active metabolite of ...
The hydantoin group can be found in several medicinally important compounds. [1] In pharmaceuticals, hydantoin derivatives form a class of anticonvulsants; [8] phenytoin and fosphenytoin both contain hydantoin moieties and are both used as anticonvulsants in the treatment of seizure disorders.