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They have potential uses in diode lasers, amplifiers, and biological sensors. [73] Quantum dots may be excited within a locally enhanced electromagnetic field produced by gold nanoparticles, which then can be observed from the surface plasmon resonance in the photoluminescent excitation spectrum of (CdSe)ZnS nanocrystals. High-quality quantum ...
Photochemical sensors based on silicon quantum dots have been used to sense a wide variety of analytes, including pesticides, [49] antibiotics, [50] nerve agents, [51] heavy metals, [52] ethanol, [53] and pH, [54] often employing either electron transfer or fluorescence resonance energy transfer as the method of quenching. [55]
Some authors have provided evidence of size-dependent fluorescence properties, suggesting that the emission arises from electronic transitions with the core of the dots, influenced by quantum confinement effects, [10] [11] whereas other works, including single particle measurements, [12] have rather attributed the fluorescence to recombination ...
These quantum dots can be functionalized to determine which molecules will bind, upon which fluorescence will be restored. Gold nanoparticle-based optical sensors can be used to detect heavy metals very precisely; for example, mercury levels as low as 0.49 nanometers.
In solid-state physics, a quantum sensor is a quantum device that responds to a stimulus. Usually this refers to a sensor, which has quantized energy levels, uses quantum coherence or entanglement to improve measurements beyond what can be done with classical sensors. [4] There are four criteria for solid-state quantum sensors: [4]
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are graphene nanoparticles with a size less than 100 nm. Due to their exceptional properties such as low toxicity, stable photoluminescence , chemical stability and pronounced quantum confinement effect, GQDs are considered as a novel material for biological, opto-electronics, energy and environmental applications.
Quantum dots are popular alternatives to organic dyes as fluorescent labels for biological imaging and sensing due to their small size, tuneable emission, and photostability. The luminescent properties of quantum dots arise from exciton decay (recombination of electron hole pairs) which can proceed through a radiative or nonradiative pathway.
Photobleaching is an important parameter to account for in real-time single-molecule fluorescence imaging in biophysics. At light intensities used in single-molecule fluorescence imaging (0.1-1 kW/cm 2 in typical experimental setups), even most robust fluorophores continue to emit for up to 10 seconds before photobleaching in a single step. For ...
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